#9) DNA and Genetic Mutations

What must be transmitted to new DNA strands during replication to maintain genetic information?

• individual atoms from existing DNA strands

• individual sugars from existing DNA strands

• the sequence of bases from existing DNA strands

• the sequence of phosphates from existing DNA strands

Which statement best describes the process by which the millions of body cells that form a housefly can all contain the same genetic information?

• Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.

• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.

• Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.

• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.

A section of DNA in a cell is altered. Which mutation is being illustrated in the DNA section below?

• deletion

• insertion

• duplication

• nondisjunction

Which statement is true for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

• Both types of organisms transform energy from sunlight into chemical energy.

• Both types of organisms assemble proteins through transcription and translation.

• Both types of organisms are made of cells, tissues, and organs that work together.

• Both types of organisms have DNA contained within a nucleus as genetic material.

The DNA Replication diagram is incomplete. Which nucleotide sequence accurately shows the DNA strand that would be produced during DNA replication?

• TCCA

• AGGT

• UCCU

• AGGU

In order to study genetic mutations, scientists must study genetic material. Which statement describes the genetic material scientists are most likely studying?

• They study alleles that contain chromosomes, which are RNA.

• They study alleles that contain genes, which are chromosomes.

• They study chromosomes that contain DNA segments, which are RNA.

• They study chromosomes that contain genes, which are DNA segments.

Before cellular division, the cell must duplicate its DNA so that daughter cells will contain complete copies of the DNA. Which characteristic of DNA makes it most suitable as a molecule for this role?

• DNA is located in the nucleus.

• DNA is a large macromolecule.

• DNA is made of repeating sugar-phosphate subunits.

• DNA is made of two strands of complementary nucleotides.

A mutation occurs at the midpoint of a gene, altering all amino acids encoded after the point of mutation. Which mutation could have produced this change?

• deletion of two nucleotides

• deletion of three nucleotides

• insertion of six nucleotides

• insertion of twelve nucleotides

A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein?

• silent

• nonsense

• frame-shift

• substitution