Science and Religion

What can be argued about the impact of science on religion?

• It has led to a decline in religion.
• It has reinforced religious beliefs.
• It has no impact on religious behavior.
• It has resulted in the growth of supernatural beliefs and superstitions.

What are the CUDOS norms proposed by Merton?

• Communism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, Organised Scepticism
• Capitalism, Individualism, Bias, Dogmatism
• Community, Unity, Diligence, Objectivity
• Collaboration, Uniqueness, Devotion, Skepticism

What are the core principles of science?

• The pursuit of facts, subjectivity, and bias.
• The pursuit of truth, objectivity, and reliable data.
• The pursuit of supernatural phenomena and superstitions.
• The pursuit of opinions, skepticism, and luck.

According to Aldridge, what are the three stages of explaining phenomena?

• Theological, Metaphysical, Scientific
• Supernatural, Rational, Falsifiable
• Belief, Interpretation, Observation
• Spiritual, Natural, Experimental

What do paradigms do in shaping a discipline?

• They define and understand the discipline.
• They provide rational explanations based on evidence.
• They challenge the knowledge within the discipline.
• They encourage skepticism and scrutiny.

What does falsification mean in the context of science?

• It means proving something to be false.
• It means accepting theories without testing.
• It means creating abstract entities for explanations.
• It means challenging the paradigms of a discipline.

According to interpretivism, how is knowledge socially constructed?

• It is the result of shared paradigms and theories.
• It is based on objective truth and reliable data.
• It is determined by new instruments and observations.
• It is a means of domination and serving capitalist interests.

What does Woolgar argue about scientists making sense of the world?

• They are engaged in the same process as the rest of us.
• They rely on supernatural explanations for unknown phenomena.
• They are driven by the need for new weaponry and profit.
• They construct big picture views of what is "true".

How do conflict theories like Marxism and feminism view scientific knowledge?

• They see it as serving the interests of particular groups in society.
• They see it as objective truth based on reliable data.
• They see it as a discourse used to dominate people.
• They see it as a means of progress to a better society.

According to postmodernism, how does science function in society?

• It falsely claims to find the truth and serves capitalist interests.
• It provides objective knowledge for societal progress.
• It produces commodities for profit and technological advancement.
• It attempts to create big picture