Evolution and Genetics Review

Which statement best explains why DNA is replicated within the cell?

• The replication adds more genes to the DNA of an organism as it develops.

• The replication causes an increase in the amount of DNA during cellular respiration.

• The replication changes the DNA of an organism as it grows.

• The replication allows new cells to produce an identical copy of the DNA.

How does DNA code for specific proteins within a cell?

• by changing the shapes of chromosomes

• by adding sugar molecules to the double helix structure

• by arranging the order of nitrogen bases in the making of mRNA

• by incorporating more uracil into the DNA structure

A scientist exposes a cell to a certain chemical during mitosis. After mitosis has completed, the scientist determines that the daughter cells have a different phenotype than the parent cell. Which type of molecule does the chemical most likely affect?

• Phospholipids

• ATP

• Carbohydrates

• DNA

Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

• Sexual reproduction is faster than asexual reproduction.

• Sexual reproduction produces more offspring than asexual reproduction.

• Sexual reproduction requires less stable environmental conditions than asexual reproduction.

• Sexual reproduction increases the genetic variation of a species more than asexual reproduction.

In humans, the ability to roll the tongue (T) is dominant to the inability to roll thetongue (t). A man and woman who are both heterozygous for tongue rolling havea child. What is the probability that the child will be unable to roll its tongue?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Some plants have blue flowers that turn pink when soil is treated with lime (a base). Which is most likely the cause for this characteristic?

• The genes that code for flower color are incompletely dominant.

• The genes code for blue flowers, but they mutate to produce pink flowers.

• The plant genes are influenced by the pH of the soil to produce two different colors.

• The lime lowers the temperature of the soil, causing the genes that control flower color to be inactive.

Which is a primary use of gel electrophoresis?

• to compare the DNA of individuals

• to compare the ages of individuals

• to compare the sexes of individuals

• to compare types of diseases in individuals

Which is a potential benefit of producing transgenic organisms?

• cloning of animals to prevent extinction

• finding new ways of treating people who inherit diseases

• producing multicelled organisms that have characteristics of both plants and animals

• eliminating the need for surgical procedures

Why are similarities in DNA sequences most often considered the best evidenceof evolutionary relationships?

• DNA provides a comparison of genetic sequence and similarity in organismsthat are genetically close

• DNA contains unique nucleotides.

• DNA is found in every living thing.

• DNA is passed unchanged from parent to offspring.

Mice that have gray fur blend better with their surroundings than mice with white fur. As a result, mice with gray fur have larger populations than mice with white fur. Which is most responsible for this?

• coevolution

• genetic drift

• natural selection

• adaptive radiation