Cell Communication Review

Signal

• a substance formed of amino acids that binds which a specific molecule, causing the cell in which the substance is found to respond 

• a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on a cell membrane and that causes changes within the cell 

• anything that carries information between cells

Second Messenger

• a substance formed of amino acids that binds which a specific molecule, causing the cell in which the substance is found to respond 

• a molecule that is generated after a specific substance attaches to a receptor on a cell membrane and that causes amplification and changes within the cell 

• anything that carries information between cells

what is the best description for the mode of communication between T-cell and Antigen

• autocrine

• direct

• paracrine

• endocrine

which of the following is a cell receptor

• enzyme linked

• g protein

• ion channel

• all of the above

How does a cell recognize only the signals meant for it?

• It has receptor proteins that respond to light and sound

• It has receptor proteins of specific shapes that certain molecules fit in.

• It has receptor proteins in the cytoplasm that respond to touch

• It has receptor proteins that repel certain signal molecules

Stages of communication are

• paracrine, local, synaptic

• reception, transduction, response

• reception, disintegration, cell generation

• alpha, beta, and gamma stages

paracine signaling

• targeting near by cells

• requires nerve cells

• occur in yeast only

• happens in plants but not animals

which molecule help in transduction stage

• G protein

• transduction factor

• c AMP

• ion channel

Neurons send signals with neurotransmitters through:

• direct contact through gap junctions

• long distance signaling in the bloodstream

• local signaling across the synaptic cleft

Hormones are called

• first messengers

• second messengers

• both

• none