Thyroid & Paras

What are effects of PTH on body Calcium physiology?

• Stimulates bone osteoblast activity

• stimulates Ca excretion in kidneys

• Increases bone resorption

• Increases phosphate reabsorption

All of the following are likely aberrant locations for superior parathyroids except:

• TE groove

• Retropharynx

• Posterior mediastinum

• Submandibular

50 y/o M presents with widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma penetrating thyroid capsule and strap muscles (confirmed on surgical path) and spinal metastasis (also confirmed). What is the clinical staging?

• Stage I

• Stage II

• Stage III

• Stage IVA

Which of the parathyroid glands are typically found deep to the recurrent laryngeal nerve

• Superior parathyroids

• Inferior parathyroids

The following are concerning features on thyroid ultrasound except:

(check all that apply)

• Irregular margins

• Spongiform characteristic

• Taller than wide

• Microcalcifications

• Comet tail

Surgical path of total thyroid shows: differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma in RIGHT thyroid lobe (1.8 cm), no extrathyroid extension, small Level VI lymph node involved with micro mets. what is staging?

• pT1N0

• pT2N1a

• pT1bN1a

• pT3N1a

All of the following are likely aberrant locations for inferior parathyroids except:

• Thymus

• intra-thyroid

• Submandibular area

• Retropharynx

Which of the following is not an important prognostic factor for thyroid cancer?

• Age

• Primary tumor size

• Regional lymph node involvement

• Extent of tumor invasion

• Presence of metastasis

45 y/o F presents with 3cm thyroid mass. FNA shows cells staining positive for congo red. What is highest on the differential?

• Follicular neoplasm

• Anaplastic carcinoma

• Medullary thyroid carcinoma

• Papillary thyroid carcinoma

• DeQuervain subacute thyroiditis

What is the embryologic origin of parathyroid glands? (check all that apply)

• Second branchial arch

• Third branchial arch

• Third branchial pouch

• Fourth branchial pouch