Chemistry Spring Final Vista

Which of the following best describes electronegativity?

• The ability of an atom to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.
• The measure of an atom's size and volume in a chemical reaction.
• The rate at which an atom loses or gains electrons in a chemical reaction.
• The tendency of an atom to form covalent bonds with other atoms.

Where are the most electronegative elements typically found?

• In the first row of the periodic table.
• In the middle section of the periodic table.
• Towards the right side of the periodic table.
• In the noble gases group.

Where are the least electronegative elements typically found?

• In the first row of the periodic table.
• In the middle section of the periodic table.
• Towards the left side of the periodic table.
• In the noble gases group.

How does the electronegativity difference determine nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds?

• Nonpolar covalent bonds form when there is a small electronegativity difference, polar covalent bonds form when there is a moderate electronegativity difference, and ionic bonds form when there is a large electronegativity difference.
• Nonpolar covalent bonds form when there is a large electronegativity difference, polar covalent bonds form when there is a small electronegativity difference, and ionic bonds form when there is a moderate electronegativity difference.
• Nonpolar covalent bonds form when there is a small electronegativity difference, polar covalent bonds form when there is a large electronegativity difference, and ionic bonds form when there is a moderate electronegativity difference.
• Nonpolar covalent bonds form when there is a moderate electronegativity difference, polar covalent bonds form when there is a small electronegativity difference, and ionic bonds form when there is a large electronegativity difference.

What is happening to the electrons in nonpolar covalent bonds?

• The electrons are being transferred from one atom to another.
• The electrons are being shared equally between the atoms.
• The electrons are being shared unequally between the atoms.
• The electrons are being completely lost by one atom and gained by another.

What is happening to the electrons in polar covalent bonds?

• The electrons are being transferred from one atom to another.
• The electrons are being shared equally between the atoms.
• The electrons are being shared unequally between the atoms.
• The electrons are being completely lost by one atom and gained by another.

What is happening to the electrons in ionic bonds?

• The electrons are being transferred from one atom to another.
• The electrons are being shared equally between the atoms.
• The electrons are being shared unequally between the atoms.
• The electrons are being completely lost by one atom and gained by another.

Dipole-dipole intermolecular forces exist between polar molecules. How do these polar molecules attract each other?

• Through the sharing of electrons between the molecules.
• By forming covalent bonds with each other.
• Via the temporary shifts in electron density within the molecules.
• By aligning their partial charges and electrostatically attracting each other.

Do polar or nonpolar molecules have strong intermolecular forces? Explain why.

• Polar molecules have strong intermolecular forces due to the presence of permanent dipoles.
• Nonpolar molecules have strong intermolecular forces due to their symmetrical electron distribution.
• Polar and nonpolar molecules have similar intermolecular forces as they both experience van der Waals interactions.
• Neither polar nor nonpolar molecules have strong intermolecular forces; intermolecular forces are weak in general.

True or False: Polar molecules have stronger intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions, which contribute to greater surface tension compared to nonpolar molecules.

• True
• False