Which Newton's law of motion explains why passengers in a car tend to keep moving forward when the car suddenly stops?

• Newton's First Law

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's Third Law

• None of the above

Explain how seatbelts help protect passengers in a car during a collision, considering Newton's laws and forces involved

• They help distribute the force of impact over a larger area of the body

• The stop a passenger from experiencing inertia

• They help distribute the force of impact over a smaller area of the body

• The don't help during a collision

Answer explanation

Seatbelts help protect passengers by applying a restraining force, preventing them from continuing to move forward due to inertia, as per Newton's First Law. They help distribute the force of impact over a larger area of the body, reducing the risk of severe injury.

Airbags in cars are designed to:

• Increase fuel efficiency

• Reduce the impact force on passengers

• Increase the car's speed

• Decrease the car's stability

How do airbags function to reduce the risk of injury during a car collision, considering the principles of forces and energy.

• They decrease the time it takes for the passenger's momentum to change, thereby reducing the impact force.

• The airbag inflates to force the passenger backwards

• They increase the time it takes for the passenger's momentum to change, thereby reducing the impact force.

• They reduce the speed of the car

Answer explanation

Airbags deploy rapidly during a collision and act as a cushioning device. They increase the time it takes for the passenger's momentum to change, thereby reducing the impact force. This helps decrease the risk of severe injury by lowering the force acting on the passenger's body.

Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) in cars help:

• Increase the car's top speed

• Reduce the car's fuel consumption

• Prevent the wheels from locking during braking

• Decrease the car's overall weight

How does ABS helps maintain better control of a car during emergency braking, considering Newton's laws and the physics of forces.

• ABS makes the car look nice as it stops

• If wheel lock is detected the ABS helps the car skid to a stop

• The ABS cause the car to stop really quickly

• If wheel lock is detected the ABS release and applies the brake up to 20 times per second

Answer explanation

ABS prevents the wheels from locking up during braking by modulating the brake pressure. This allows the driver to maintain steering control over the car while braking, as it prevents the car from skidding or sliding due to excessive wheel lock.

The crumple zone in a car is designed to:

• Absorb the impact energy during a collision

• Increase the car's speed

• Enhance the car's aerodynamics

• Reduce the passenger capacity of the car

Describe how the crumple zone works to protect passengers in a car during a collision, considering the principles of energy transfer and forces.

• It crumples to transfer all the energy of the collision to the passengers.

• By crumpling and deforming, it increases the time taken for the car to come to a stop.

• By crumpling is crushes the passengers in the car.

• By crumpling and deforming, it decreases the time taken for the car to come to a stop.

Answer explanation

The crumple zone, usually located in the front of a car, is designed to deform and absorb the impact energy during a collision. By crumpling and deforming, it increases the time taken for the car to come to a stop, reducing the force exerted on the passengers. This helps protect them from severe injuries.

Which of Newton's laws of motion is associated with the concept of inertia?

• Newton's First Law

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's Third Law

• None of the above

Discuss the role of inertia in relation to car safety features like seatbelts, airbags, ABS, and crumple zones.

• Inertia plays no role in protecting passengers during a collision.

• Seatbelts, airbags, ABS, and crumple zones take advantage of inertia to protect passengers during a collision.

• Seatbelts and airbags use inertia to protect passengers during a collision.

• Seatbelts, airbags, ABS, and crumple zones take advantage of inertia to injure passengers during a collision.

Answer explanation

Inertia, as described by Newton's First Law, is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. Car safety features like seatbelts, airbags, ABS, and crumple zones take advantage of inertia to protect passengers during a collision. Seatbelts restrain passengers, preventing them from continuing to move forward due to inertia. Airbags deploy rapidly, allowing passengers to decelerate more gradually. ABS helps maintain control by preventing wheel lock-up due to inertia, and crumple zones absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy of the moving car, reducing the force experienced by passengers.