Neurophysiology - Neuroinflammation

Which of the following is NOT a typical function of an activated microglia?

• Tissue repair

• Large scale cytokine production

• Regulating synaptic plasticity through synaptic pruning

• Phagocytosis and pathogen destruction

Where do new microglia come from?

• Myeloid cells infiltrate from the periphery

• Invading macrophages from an area without a BBB

• Nestin + cells in the neurogenic niche

• From microglia cell division

• None of the above

How many known complement pathways are there?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which of the following is not a complement pathway?

• Direct

• Indirect

• Alternate

• Classical

• Lectin

Which two of these interleukins are thought to be anti-inflammatory?

• IL-4

• IL-6

• IL-10

• IL-1a

• IL-1b

Answer explanation

Note: The distinction is not always absolute!

How do inflammatory progenitor cells released by bone marrow migrate to the PVN?

• The BBB is leaky in hypertension, allowing inflammatory progenitor cells to migrate to the PVN

• The PVN is a circumventricular organ, thus immune cells can enter

• Microglia migrate to the CNS during fetal development

Which of these does NOT occur in MS

• Damage to PNS

• Demyelination of axons in the CNS

• Grey matter atrophy

• Immune cell infiltration into the CNS

Symptoms vary in people with MS because lesions occur in _____ areas of the brain at different points in ____.

What kind of lesion is most common in relapsing remitting MS patients?

• Mixed active/inactive

• Active

• Inactive

A lesion filled with immune cells in an MS patient indicates that the lesion is:

• Active

• Inactive