Strategies of Data Collection-PR1

It is one of the means of collecting data in qualitative research. As a method, data can be obtained by watching and listening purposively to people’s behavior (Almeida et al. 2016, 96).

• Observation

• Interview

• Survey

This type of observation is characterized by the researcher’s interaction or participation with participants and becoming part of their community (Driscoll 2011, 160). The researcher acts as an observer and participant at the same time (Kawulich 2012).

• Direct Observation

• Participant Observation.

• Structured Interview

• Unstructured Interview

In this kind of observation, the researcher does not participate in the activities of the group under study. S/He acts as a passive observer (Almeida et al. 2016, 96) and records the participants’ behavior.

• Structured Interview

• Participant Observation

• Direct Observation

• Semi-structured interview

  It helps to maintain the observer’s focus while also giving the observer scope to reflect on the context associated with each site.

• Participant Observation

• Direct Observation

• Observation Grid

• Observation Guide

It helps remind the observer of the events and issues. It is a spreadsheet or log of sorts that enables the observer to record (and record his reflections of) observable events in relationship to the constructs of interest.

• Observation Grid

• Observation Guide

• Both Observation Grid and Guide

Here, the researcher is not part of the group under study and does not take part of their activities. The participants are not also aware that they are being observed and studied.

• Complete Observer

• Observer as Participant

• Participant as Observer

• Complete Participant

Here, the researcher is still part of the group under study and participates in the group members’ activities. The participants are fully aware that they are being observed and studied.

• Participant as Observer

• Complete participant

• Complete Observer

• Observer as participant

As the term denotes, the researcher is part of the group under study and participates in the group members’ activities. However, the participants are not aware that they are being observed and studied.

• Complete Observer

• Observer as participant

• Complete Participant

• Participant as Observer

The researcher is not part of the group under study but still participates in the group members’ activities. The participants under study are aware of the research and its objectives.

• Observer as Participant

• Participant as observer

• Complete observer

• complete participant

-a two-person conversation initiated by the interviewer for the specific purpose of obtaining research-relevant information and content specified by research objectives of systematic description, prediction, or explanation.

• interview

• observation

• survey