6 Condensed Matter

What does the term 'soft matter' refer to?

• Matter that is in the liquid phase

• Matter that is in the gas phase

• Matter that is not in the gas phase

• Matter that is not in liquid phase

What is the size scale of the dispersed phase in a colloid?

• 1 um to 1 cm

• 1 cm to 1 m

• 1 mm to 1 cm

• 1 nm to 1 mm

What is the primary difference between hard condensed matter and soft matter?

• The strength of the bonds

• The melting point temperature

• The temperature at which they exist

• The size of the molecules

What is the historical significance of Friedrich Reinitzer in the study of liquid crystals?

• He discovered the first liquid crystal

• He discovered the dual nature of cholesteryl benzoate

• He invented the first liquid crystal device

• He coined the term 'liquid crystals'

What is the purpose of a twisted nematic cell in liquid crystal displays?

• To reduce the power consumption

• To control the orientation of liquid crystal molecules

• To enhance the color display

• To increase the viewing angle

What is the primary advantage of In-Plane Switching (IPS) displays over traditional TFT TN displays?

• Higher power consumption

• Superior viewing angle

• Less efficient backlight usage

• Lower contrast ratio

What is the significance of Supertwisted Nematic (STN) displays in display technology?

• They are used for black-and-white images only

• They provide high contrast and favorable viewing angles

• They are gradually replacing TFT displays

• They offer lower contrast and poor viewing angles

Who coined the term "liquid crystal"?

• Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

• Otto Lehmann

• Friedrich Reinitzer

• Julius Plateau

Which statement correctly contrasts Smectic A (SmA) and Smectic C (SmC) liquid crystals?

• SmA is tilted; SmC is symmetrical.

• SmC is uniform; SmA has schlieren texture

• SmA is perpendicular and symmetrical; SmC is tilted with lower symmetry.

• SmC is perpendicular and symmetrical; SmA is tilted with lower symmetry.

Cholesteric liquid crystals are known for

• Symmetric molecules

• Chiral molecules

• Random layer orientation

• Soap-like structure