Bio final study guide

Scientists can genetically enigeer a bacterium by inserting a specfic gene into its plasmid DNA. Which of the following tools do scientists use to remove a gene from DNA molecule to put into another?

• Restriction enzymes

• transmogrification

• polymerase chain reactions

• x-ray crystallogaphy

Genetics have been able to successfully engineer and commercially produce insulin. This process is made possible by introducing the gene into..

• E coli cells

• Human body cells

• horse cells

• viral cells

he Image shows Rosalind Franklin’s x-ray diffraction photo of DNA. How did this affect the work of Watson & Crick

• • It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA

• It was used to show that DNA was the molecule of Inheritance

• • It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA

• • It was used to determine the specific sugar in the sugar-phosphate backbone

A portion of a strand of DNA had the following nitrogenous base sequence:

  CCACAGGTC

What is the corresponding sequence on the complementary DNA strand?

• • ACCAGTTCC

• • CCACAGGTC

• • GGAATCTAC

• • GGTGTCCAG

Which of the following statements explains how the enzymes work together to replicate DNA?

• • DNA polymerase unwinds the double helix and ensures the new nucleotides are added correctly 

• DNA helicase unwinds the double helix, and DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the open molecule

• • DNA polymerase unwinds the double helix, and DNA helicase adds new nucleotides to the open molecule

• • DNA helicase unwinds the double helix and makes sure the new bases are added correctly

  Which BEST describes the interaction between D NA and RNA during protein synthesis?

• • DNA travels to the ribosome where RNA translates the code into protein

• • RNA carries the code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome where the code is translated into a protein

• • DNA travels to the cytoplasm while RNA remains in the nucleus where the code is translated into a protein

• • RNA carries the code to the nucleus where DNA translates the code into a protein

  
  

DNA —A>mRNA—B>PROTEIN

In eukaryotic cells, the process indicated by arrow A occurs in the…

• • Nucleus 

• • Cytoplasm 

• • Ribosome 

• • Cell membrane

Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?

• • Alleles

• • Genes

• • A change in a DNA base

• • An extra chromosome 

A mutation occurs in an individual, but the protein it codes for does not change. 

Which of the following statements describes what most likely occurred to produce this result?

• • The mutation deleted a portion of the coding section of the DNA

• The mutation caused a portion of a coding section of the DNA to repeat

• • The mutation translocated a group of nucleotides in the DNA. but the mutation did not change the number of base pairs in the DNA

• • The mutation affected a nucleotide in the DNA but the mutation did not affect the sequence of amino acids synthesized

Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

• The nucleus divides

• The centrioles form

• • The nuclear membrane disintegrates 

• • The DNA replicates