Tissue Engineering

Stem cells

• A cell that can become any cell of the same type around them

• Cells obtained from the same person that will receive the donated tissue

• Cells obtained from another person of the same species

• cells obtained from another species

Autologous Cells

• Cells obtained from the same person that will receive the donated tissue

• Cells obtained from another person of the same species

• cells obtained from a genetically similar person, such as a twin or parent  

• cells obtained from another species

Allogenous Cells

• Cells obtained from the same person that will receive the donated tissue

• Cells obtained from another person of the same species

• cells obtained from another species

• cells obtained from a genetically similar person, such as a twin or parent  

Xenogenic Cells

• Cells obtained from the same person that will receive the donated tissue

• Cells obtained from another person of the same species

• cells obtained from another species

• cells obtained from a genetically similar person, such as a twin or parent  

Primary Cell Cultures are

• Directly from the person

• From already grown cells

Secondary Cell Culture

• Directly from an organism

• From pregrown cells

CAD/CAM

• Using small nanofiber scaffolds that are injected into a damaged tissue.

• Using a polymer solution, and shaping the mixture into a final shape before it is solidifies.  

• Freeze-drying an emulsification of a polymer, two liquids, and a support solution.

• Using computer 3D design software to create and “print” scaffolds.

Gas Foaming

• A sponge-like structure with small pore holes

• Using computer 3D design software to create and “print” scaffolds. This allows pore size to be controlled precisely.  

• phase separation between water with a high concentration of polymers and a low concentration of polymers.

• Creating an emulsification of a polymer, two liquids, and a support solution. Then this is freeze-dried to create a cellular structure.