Responses to pathogens

The diagram shows the response to an injury in a human. What is the response shown?

• Infection

• Inflammation

• Phagocytosis

• Vasoconstriction

Select TRUE or FALSE.

Neutrophils are specialised phagocytes (white blood cells) and originate in the bone marrow.

• TRUE

• FALSE

The first and second line of defence are a part of the innate immune system. Select that statement that best describes both lines of defence respectively.

• Involves the inflammatory response caused by chemical signalling. Recruits lymphocytes to the infected areas.

• Recruits lymphocytes to the infected areas. Involves B-cells in inducing inflammation.

• Involves physical and chemical barriers to pathogens. Involves the inflammatory response induced by chemical signalling.

• Involves physical and chemical barriers to pathogens. Involves B-cells inducing inflammation.

Which of the following is not a white blood cell?

• T cell

• Monocyte

• Cytokine

• Macrophage

Which of the following is correct about mast cells?

• They release histamines important for blood vessel dilation and are found in connective tissues below skin.

• They are the main cell in engulfing pathogens in phagocytosis and are found in blood vessels.

• They are antigen-presenting cells and migrate into connective tissue during inflammation.

• They are involved in allergic reactions and are located in epithelial tissues including lungs and lymph nodes.

Commonly known to become an antigen-presenting cell which triggers the adaptive immune system and is not involved in phagocytosis.

The statement above best describes a:

• Monocyte

• Macrophage

• Dendritic cell

• Neutrophil

A blood smear from a young person with a fever is examined under a light microscope. The pathologist sees elevated numbers of circulating neutrophils. Many of them appear toxic. What process is likely occurring?

• Fever

• Complement system activation

• Viral infection

• Phagocytosis

A patient presents with swollen lymph nodes. As a biology student studying infection diseases, we know pathogens can travel in lymph fluid to lymph nodes and filter out, causing the enlargement of local lymph nodes. Is it safe to diagnose the patient with an infection?

Think why or why not?

• Yes

• No