ENDO PATHO GROSS & MICROSCOPIC

State the diagnosis, describe the wound & pathogenesis.

Answer explanation

unhealed ulcer dt diabetic neuropathy.

wound has 2 excavating ulcer, rount to oval shape w raw red margin & necrotic base

pathogenesis: dt capillary damage -> sensory nerve damage -> physical injury -> infection

State diagnosis & Describe Gross morphology.

Answer explanation

A: Pituitary Adenoma

• - well circumsribed soft lesion in sellar region, large pituitary tumor beyond sella turcia, compress adjacent structure

B: Craniopharyngioma

• - tumor mixture of solid & cystic areas, cysts filled w dark thick fluid similar to machinery oil

State diagnosis & describe microscopic features.

Answer explanation

A: Pituitary Adenoma

• - unifrom, polygonal cells in sheet/ papillae, no assortment of different cell types, cellular monorphism, no reticulin network

B: Craniophryngioma

• - sheets of squamous epithelial cells w peripheral palisading, stellate reticulum, wet keratin

State the diagnosis. Describe gross & microscopic features.

Answer explanation

diabetic nephopathy

G: capsular surface shows diffuse granularity, cut section shows thinning of cortex

M: glomerulus shows kimmelstiel wilson lesions, blood vessels show hyaline ateriolosclerosis

State the diagnosis. Describe gross & microscopic features.

Answer explanation

Papillary Carcinoma

G: multifocal lesions, well circumscribed, encapulated, fibrosis, calcification

M: complex, branching papillae covered by overlapping layers of cuboidal epithelial cells, orphan annie eye

State the diagnosis. Describe gross & microscopic features.

Answer explanation

Graves Disease

G: thyroid is symmetrically enlarged, smooth surface, soft, red, cut surface show meaty appearance

M: diffuse hypertrophy & hyprplaasia of follicular epithelial cell, pseudopapillae, colloid decrease and pale with scalloped margins

Describe the pathogenesis of Graves Disease. State the microscopic features.

Answer explanation

Pathogenesis:

autoimmune disease, sensitization of T cells, stimulate plasma cells orduce antibodies -> activate receptor increase follicular cells -> autonomous production of thyroid hormones

M: hyperplasia & hypertrophy of follicular epithelium, infoldings of crowded follicular epitheliumform papillae line, scanty colloid, clear vacuoles

State the diagnosis. Describe gross & microscopic.

Answer explanation

Hashimoto Disease

G: diffusely, symmetrically enlarged, smooth & firm. cross section shows pale, gray tan

M: parenchyma show widespread lymphocytic infiltration, thyroid follicles atrophic, lind by hurtle cells, decreased colloid

antibodies: anti peroxidase, anti thyroglobulin

Describe the differences

Answer explanation

A:

T1DM

Insulinitis

Genetic

dt autoimmune pancreatic beta cells destruction

absolute insulin def

B:

T2DM

loss of beta cells replaced by amyloid deposits

enviromental & genetic

dt peripheral resistance to insulin secretion

relative insulin def.