Which thesis (big idea) statement is supported by the graph above?

• In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the population distribution shifted as the urban population began to increase more dramatically than the rural population.

• Most immigrants to the United States in the late 19th century settled in rural areas.

• By the early 20th century, the population of cities grew while the population in rural areas declined.

• The population center of the United States moved westward in the late 19th and early 20th

  centuries.

In the late 19th century, inventions such as the mechanized reaper and the steel plow made farming more efficient. What impact did the introduction of farm machinery have on American farms in the 19th century?

• More workers were needed to run the new machines.

• Large farms increased their output and supplied food to eastern cities.

• Wages for unskilled farm workers increased.

• The high cost of the machines made farming unprofitable.

Decide which quote supports labor unions:

Quote 1

“The working people find that improvements in the methods of production and distribution are constantly being made, and unless they occasionally strike, or have the power to enter upon a strike, the improvements will all go to the employer and all the injuries to the employees.”

Quote 2

“The strike is apparently hopeless, and must be regarded as nothing more than a rash and spiteful demonstration of resentment by men too ignorant or too reckless to understand their own

interests.”

• Quote 1

• Quote 2

• Both

• Neither

Industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was characterized by the rise of corporations and heavy industry. Which choices below represent effects of industrialization? Select all the correct answers.

• transformation of the American economy

• shift from a predominance of agricultural workers to a predominance of factory workers

• shift from urban living to rural living

• more people living in crowded and unsanitary conditions

A reason some businesses hired children was:

• To provide the children a bright future and opportunities

• So they could save money by paying the children less money

• So the children could take care of the heavy labor required for their business

• To improve their public image

Powerful companies like Standard Oil that had control over the majority of the industry they were involved in and controlled many businesses related to their own can be called

• Labor Unions

• Monopolies

• Start-ups

• Urbanization

Identify causes of the US Industrial Revolution

• The growth of railroads

• Pollution

• Available workers

• New inventions and innovation

Identify effects of the US Industrial Revolution

• The agricultural revolution

• The expansion of the middle class

• Dirty and crowded cities

• The US Civil War

The _______ was a technique used during the Industrial Revolution that greatly increased efficiency. It involved the worker or machine completing the same task over and over again as products moved down the line.

• Bessemer Process

• Assembly Line

• Trial and Error Method

• Mechanization

Who were the people known as "robber barons" by their critics and "captains of industry" by their supporters?

• Industrial workers

• Politicians

• Wealthy businessmen

• Labor union leaders