Unit 2 AC2.2 Individualistic theories of criminality

According to Freud, what determines our personality and future behavior, including criminality?

• Maternal deprivation
• Attachment theory
• Early childhood experiences
• Personality conflicts

What are the three conflicting elements of the unconscious mind in Freud's psychodynamic theory?

• Superego, ego, and id
• Attachment, separation, evidence
• Weak, harsh, and deviant superego
• Id, ego, and superego

What is one link to crime in Freud's psychodynamic theory?

• Harsh parenting
• Maternal deprivation
• Abnormal relationship with parents
• Weak superego

What is one strength of evaluating Freud's psychodynamic theory in understanding criminal behavior?

• Explains the importance of socialisation
• Downplays early childhood experiences
• Existence of unconscious mind
• Subjectivity of claims by psychoanalyst

What is one limitation of evaluating Freud's psychodynamic theory in explaining criminal behavior?

• It is scientific
• Influence on policies
• Subjectivity and unscientific nature
• Importance of early family relationships

According to Bowlby, what is the link between maternal deprivation and deviant behavior?

• Weak superego
• Attachment breakdown
• A weak attachment leads to affectionless psychopathy
• Evidence from the 44 thieves study

What does the 44 thieves study provide evidence for?

• Personality theory
• Maternal deprivation
• It downplays the importance of parent-child relationships
• Retrospective studies relying on memory

According to Eysenck's personality theory, what is the key idea behind criminality?

• Genetic inheritance
• Introverted personality
• Highly neurotic and highly extroverted
• Emotionally stable personality

What are the three dimensions of personality in Eysenck's theory?

• Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
• Introversion, emotional stability
• Neuroticism, psychoticism
• Extroversion, emotional stability

According to Eysenck's theory, why do extraverts tend to engage in criminal behavior?

• High need for stimulation
• Harder to condition into following society's rules
• Solitary misfits with serious mental illness
• Low anxiety levels prevent learning from punishment