Immunity & prevention, treatment and control of diseases

What type of protein is formed in response to a pathogen?

• Antibody

• Antihistamine

• Antigen

• Antiseptic

Which of the following is correct.

B cells differentiate into:

• Memory cells and B lymphocytes

• Cytokines and Helper T cells

• Memory cells and plasma cells

• T lymphocytes and plasma cells

TRUE or FALSE.

Cytokines such as interleukin-2 are released by Helper T cells.

• TRUE

• FALSE

There are 5 common types of antibodies that are produced by plasma cells. IgA is prominent in mucus secretions, whereas IgG is prominent in blood. A patient has a bacterial infection affecting the epithelial lining of the upper digestive tract. Which of the following is correct?

• Patient has higher levels of IgG because the site of infection has high mucus secretions.

• Patient has higher levels of IgG because he will be loosing a lot of blood.

• Patient has higher levels of IgA because infection has occurred in the blood.

• Patient has higher levels of IgA because the site of infection has high mucus secretions.

Data for incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Australia are shown in the table.

Which type of graph should be chosen to best represent these data?

• A column graph because percentages are continuous.

• A column graph because diseases are categorical.

• A line graph because percentages are continuous.

• A line graph because diseases are categorical.

A new vaccine against an infectious disease was developed. The effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing infection in humans was plotted over time in three different age groups.

Which of the following is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from the data in the graph?

• The vaccine is ineffective after six months

• The younger the person the more effective the vaccine

• The younger the person, the faster the immunity to infection declines

• The vaccine offers more protection to younger people than those over 65

A public education campaign was developed with the aim of lowering the incidence of skin cancer in the population. The campaign was adopted Australia wide and is illustrated in the poster.

Which is the best method to measure the effectiveness of the campaign?

• By measuring exposure to the sun and skin cancer incidence

• By surveying beachgoers, asking if they remember the campaign

• By comparing skin cancer incidence before and after the campaign

• By counting the number of people on the beach wearing hats and sunglasses

TRUE or FALSE.

T lymphocytes function in the humoral response and antibodies function in the cell-mediated response.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases are defined respectively as:

• The number of new cases occurring during a specified time. Proportion of the population that have the disease at a particular point in time.

• The number of new deaths occurring during a specified time. Proportion of the population that have the disease at a particular point in time.

• Proportion of the population that have the disease at a particular point in time. The number of deaths occurring during a specified time.

• The number of vaccinated people during a point in time. Proportion of the population that have a disease at a particular point in time.