Vocabulary Chapter Seven

a process of thought in which particular cases lead to general principles

• Toulmin argument

• classical oration

• deductive reasoning

• inductive reasoning

a process of thought in which general principles are applied to particular cases

• Toulmin argument

• classical oration

• inductive reasoning

• deductive reasoning

a highly structured form of argument developed in ancient Greece and Rome to defend or refute a thesis. The oration evolved to include six parts--exordium, narratio, partitio, confirmatio, refutatio, and peroratio.

• Toulmin argument

• inductive reasoning

• deductive reasoning

• classical oration

a method of informal logic. Describes the key components of an argument as the claim, reason, warrant, backing, and grounds.

• inductive reasoning

• deductive reasoning

• classical oration

• Toulmin argument

a statement that asserts a belief or truth. In arguments, most claims require supporting evidence. The claim is a key component in toulmin argument.

• deductive reasoning

• classical oration

• Toulmin argument

• claim

material offered to support an argument

• classical oration

• Toulmin argument

• claims

• evidence

the quality conveyed by a writer whois knowledgeable about a subject and confident in that knowledge

• Toulmin argument

• claims

• evidence

• authorities

in Toulmin argument, the statement (expressed or implied) that establishes the logical connection between a claim and its supporting reason.

• claims

• evidence

• authorities

• warrant

in Toulmin argument, the evidence provided to support a warrant

• evidence

• authorities

• warrant

• backing

words or phrases that limit the scope of a claim: usually, in a few cases; under these circumstances

• evidence

• authorities

• warrant

• qualifier