Psychology Unit 5

Short-term memory is best described as

• memory of how to perform an activity, such as riding a bike

• memory of facts and general knowledge

• memory that can hold only a small amount of information

• memory of specific events

• memory of a surprising event

Which of the following psychologists is best associated with studying the function of memory?

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• Hermann Ebbinghaus

• Erik Erikson

• Carl Rogers

• Carl Wernicke

Which of the following statements about automatic processing or effortful processing is true?

• Effortful processing does not require conscious awareness

• Automatic processing makes other processing more difficult.

• Automatic processing requires little mental effort.

• Automatic processing does not improve with practice.

• Effortful processing is affected by intelligence.

An example of using elaborative encoding to improve memory is

• Sam remembering which tree is the ginkgo by using the phrase “stinko ginkgo” because the fruit of the ginkgo tree smells bad

• Trevor remembering to buy milk at the grocery store by putting a note on the refrigerator

• Emilia remembering a new acquaintance’s name by silently repeating the name after learning it

• Arthur remembering to pick up a cake before leaving work by asking a coworker for a reminder at the end of the workday

• Diego remembering the meanings of Spanish vocabulary words by creating flash cards and studying them

David was studying some important historical dates for a test. He noticed that the day and month of one of the dates was the same as his own birthday, and he tried to use that fact to help him remember the date for his test. What is David using to enhance his memory?

• Method of loci

• Self-reference

• Retroactive interference

• Overlearning

• The recency effect

A teacher asks Yvonne to go to another classroom to get a student whom Yvonne has never met. As she walks, she repeats the student’s name to herself over and over to help her remember. Yvonne is boosting her memory by using

• elaborative rehearsal

• distributed learning

• maintenance rehearsal

• a mnemonic device

• imagery

Jeanette is curious to see how many numbers she can hold in her mind at once. She asks her friend to test her on lists of random digits to see how many she can remember. Based on what is known about the average limits of short-term memory capacity, what is the most likely number of digits Jeanette will be able to remember?

• Two

• Seven

• Ten

• Eleven

• Twelve

The fact that Lori finds herself thinking about dogs and other pets after seeing a cat is evidence that human memory is organized into

• an association network

• a hierarchy

• a mental set

• a schema

• mnemonics

To remember a list of words, Jerry tries walking through his bedroom and making associations between words on the list and various areas he visits in his bedroom. Jerry is trying to improve his memory encoding by using

• distributed learning

• the method of loci

• maintenance retrieval

• echoic memory

• lateral inhibition

Which of the following illustrates the primacy effect?

• Jason remembers the last two digits of his doctor’s phone number but not any other digits.

• Susam left his grocery list at home and can remember only the first two items on the list.

• Frederick thinks people are paying attention to him when they actually are not.

• Paul gets a reward every time he gets on the bus for school on time.

• When his son Fekru cries because he wants a candy bar, Mr. Debebe gives the boy the candy to stop him from crying.