Unit 3 AC2.3 Understand the rules of evidence in criminal cases

1. What are the three key aspects that evidence should possess?

• Reliability, validity, and disclosure
• Validity, truthfulness, and relevance
• Relevance, reliability, and admissibility
• Admissibility, truthfulness, and exclusion

2. Under which Act can the jury draw an inference of guilt from a suspect's pre-trial silence?

• Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (CJPOA)
• Criminal Justice Act 2003 (CJA)
• Police and Criminal Act, 1984 (PACE)
• Criminal Justice Act 2020

3. Can inferences alone establish guilt in a criminal trial?

• Yes
• No
• It depends on the nature of the evidence presented
• Only if there is hearsay evidence

4. What is the definition of "hearsay evidence" under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (CJA)?

• Evidence given by a witness in oral testimony
• Statement not made in oral evidence in the proceedings that is evidence of any matter stated
• Evidence obtained improperly by the police that is excluded from the trial
• A statement made by the defendant

5. What is the purpose of disclosure in the criminal justice system?

• To strengthen the prosecutor's case and weaken the defense's case
• To ensure a fair trial
• To prevent the defendant from making a defence statement
• To challenge the credibility of witnesses

6. Under which "gateway" can a defendant's previous convictions be introduced as evidence?

• Section 103
• Criminal Justice Act 2003
• Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
• Police and Criminal Act, 1984

7. What is the primary reason why hearsay evidence is generally not admitted in court?

• To protect the identity of the witness
• To ensure a fair trial
• To prevent the jury from drawing inferences of guilt
• The maker of the statement should attend court to give evidence

8. What is the technique used by police when they induce others to break the law for conviction?

• Entrapment
• Disclosure
• Exclusion
• Inference

9. Does English law allow a defence of entrapment?

• Yes
• No
• Only in certain cases
• It depends on the severity of the crime

10. Who has the discretion to exclude improperly obtained evidence in a trial?

• The jury
• The defence
• The judge
• The police