U.S. Gov CRM 1.2/3.2 Primary Source Bank

“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”

• This statement is from the Declaration of Independence
• This statement is from the 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
• This statement is from the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution
• This statement is from the Articles of Confederation

“All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives…

The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members… according to their respective [population]...

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State…”

• The legislative power is vested in the President of the United States
• The legislative power is vested in the Supreme Court of the United States
• This is the composition of Congress.

• The legislative power is vested in the Governors of each State

“We, the People of the State of South Carolina, in Convention assembled do declare… [that} the Constitution of the United States of America… are hereby repealed; and that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other

States… is hereby dissolved.”

• This is a declaration of South Carolina's secession from the Union
• This is a declaration of South Carolina's independence from Britain
• This is a declaration of South Carolina's annexation to the Confederacy
• This is a declaration of South Carolina's new constitution

“Nothing in our opinion precludes Congress from offering funds under the Affordable Care Act to expand the availability of health care, and requiring that States accepting such funds comply with the conditions on their use. What Congress is not free to do is to penalize States that choose not to participate in that new program by taking away their existing Medicaid funding.”

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)

• The statement is about the Supreme Court's ruling on the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion.
• The statement is about the Congress's decision to cut funding for Medicaid.
• The statement is about the States' decision to not participate in the Affordable Care Act.
• The statement is about the Congress's decision to increase funding for the Affordable Care Act.

“This morning the mob again gathered in front of the Central High School of Little Rock… preventing the carrying out of the Court’s order relating to the admission of [Black] children to the school… I have today issued an Executive Order directing the use of troops under Federal authority to aid in the execution of Federal law at Little Rock, Arkansas.” (What is President Eisenhower sending Federal troops to do in Little Rock, Arkansas?)

• The speaker is a school principal enforcing desegregation
• The speaker is a local police officer calling for backup
• The speaker is a protestor advocating for civil rights
• The speaker is a President enforcing a court order for desegregation

“Florida… argued that Georgia was using more than its fair share [of water in the Apalachicola River], causing insufficient water to reach the Florida panhandle and damaging Florida’s oyster fisheries. Georgia disputed Florida’s evidence and said that Florida’s request for an ‘equitable apportionment’ decree would damage Georgia’s agricultural industry.” (Why would this case be considered by the Supreme Court?)

• Florida requested an 'equitable apportionment' decree to damage Georgia's agricultural industry
• Georgia was using less than its fair share of water in the Apalachicola River
• Florida's oyster fisheries were not affected by the water usage of Georgia
• Florida claimed that Georgia's water usage was harming its oyster fisheries

“Orange County’s I-Drive Community Redevelopment Act (CRA) Advisory Group… recommended an investment in English language [support]...

ESOL For Working Adults is part of a larger economic development effort to help employers in the I-Drive area attract and retain employees and help the 75,000 people who live or work in the area have access to better income opportunities.”

(Why would a local government be interested in this investment?)

• To increase tourism in the area
• To attract and retain employees and provide better income opportunities
• To reduce unemployment rate
• To improve the local infrastructure

“[The State of Florida] has directed the suspension of tolls on Florida’s Turnpike Mainline, and selected toll roads across the state, in preparation for Hurricane Dorian. By suspending tolls, residents and visitors will be able to quickly and safely evacuate if necessary.” (Describe the relationship between state government officials and citizens, as it relates to this example.)

• The state government officials are responsible for the safety of the citizens and take necessary actions to ensure it.
• The state government officials are indifferent to the needs of the citizens.
• The state government officials are exploiting the citizens by suspending tolls.
• The state government officials are creating panic among the citizens by suspending tolls.

“The Department of Defense is America's largest government agency. With our military tracing its roots back to pre-Revolutionary times, the department has grown and evolved with our nation. Our mission is to provide the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security.”

(Why does the national government control this Department rather than state or local governments?)

• Because the Department of Defense is responsible for national security, which is a federal responsibility
• Because the Department of Defense was established by the state governments
• Because local governments have the authority to control the Department of Defense
• Because the Department of Defense is funded by state taxes

“The purpose of government is to enable the people of a nation to live in safety and happiness. Government exists for the interests of the governed, not for the governors.”

(How does this relate to the General Welfare Clause of the Constitution?)

• The General Welfare Clause does not relate to the purpose of government as described.
• The General Welfare Clause is about providing for the common defense, not the happiness and safety of the people.
• The General Welfare Clause supports the idea that government exists for the interests of the governed, as it allows Congress to make laws for the general welfare of the people.
• The General Welfare Clause contradicts the statement as it allows the government to act in its own interest.