William Shakespeare was among the most important writers of the Northern Renaissance. He gained popularity as a poet and a ​ (a)   . His prominent works include plays such as Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, and ​ (b)   . Shakespeare’s works are well known for exploring the Renaissance ideals of humanism and ​ (c)   . 

• playwright
• Macbeth
• realism
• painter
• The Prince
• classicism
• sculptor
• Utopia
• Catholicism

How did ancient Greek and Roman texts contribute to the rise of humanism in Italy?

• They questioned the influence of the Catholic Church in Italy during the Middle Ages.

• They encouraged Italian citizens to provide financial support to young painters, writers, and architects.

• They introduced Italian scholars to academic fields that promoted individual growth and thinking.

• They improved technology in Italy, which made the citizens curious about international developments.

• They gave Italian language experts tools to create a language focusing on human experience and nature.

How did powerful families such as the Medici and the Sforza help spread Renaissance ideas?

• They provided financial support to young artists and writers.

• They educated the poor children living in their own city-states.

• They constructed schools and colleges to teach the humanities.

• They borrowed money from banks to invite foreign artists to Italy.

• They promoted contemporary works over religious works.

Who invented the movable type printing press?

• Johannes Gutenberg

• Erasmus

• Thomas More

• Niccolo Machiavelli

• Hans Holbein

In what way did the Italian Renaissance differ from the Northern Renaissance?

• The Italian Renaissance produced important works of literature.

• The Italian Renaissance was known for artistic techniques, such as frescoes.

• The Italian Renaissance supported the church’s teachings about humanism.

• The Italian Renaissance was fueled by the introduction of the Gutenberg press.

Match the following Italian Renaissance artists to their works.

• • Raphael

• School of Athens

• • Leonardo da Vinci

• Mona Lisa

• • Michelangelo

• La Pieta

Who tried to reestablish Catholicism in England?

• Anne Boleyn

• Catherine of Aragon

• Mary I

• Elizabeth I

What major impact did the Protestant Reformation have on the Catholic Church?

• It provided an avenue for the Catholic Church to grow more powerful.

• It challenged Catholic traditions, forcing people to reassess the Catholic religion.

• It closed the door on the development of further religious reformations.

• It reinforced England's relationship with the Catholic Church.

• It resulted in a split between Catholics in eastern and western Europe.

How did Erasmus differ from other reformers of his time?

• He believed that the church couldn’t be reformed through peaceful means.

• He believed that the church should be separated from the state.

• He believed that the church should be reformed from within.

• He believed that the pope had too much power over the church.

Many Protestant reformers translated the Bible into common languages. Match each translation to the correct reformer.

• • Desiderius Erasmus

• translated Wycliffe’s works in Czech

• • John Wycliffe

• translated the Bible into English

• • Jan Hus

• translated the New Testament into Greek

• • Martin Luther

• translated the Bible into German