APES Unit 1 Ecology

Different species of birds may utilize different parts of the same tree or feed at different times of day. This is an example of:

• intraspecific competition

• commensalism

• resource partitioning

• mutualism

Although a species may hypothetically be able to use more space or resources if there were no competition, the ______________ is the actual role they play in the ecosystem:

• fundamental niche

• realized niche

Lower trophic levels generally contain ______ energy, biomass, and individuals.

• more

• less

What factors may lead a nonnative species to become invasive? Select all that apply.

• they lack predators

• they can eat a variety of foods

• they are generalists

• they mature and reproduce quickly

Life on the earth depends on three interconnected factors. Which of the following are involved in sustaining life on the earth?

I. Flow of high-quality energy

II. Cycling of matter or nutrients

III. Gravity

• II only

• I and II only

• I and III only

• I, II, and III

Solar energy flowing to the earth does all of the following EXCEPT

• a. evaporate water

• b. warm the atmosphere

• c. generate winds

• d. promote cellular respiration

Consider the food chain in the picture:

Using the 10% rule, how many calories of corn will be needed to support a snake that consumes 200 calories of lizard biomass per feeding?

• a. 20,000 calories

• b. 2000 calories

• c. 200,000 calories

• d. 20 calories

The rate at which producers in an ecosystem convert solar energy into chemical energy is called

• a. range of tolerance

• b. gross primary productivity

• c. energy flow

• d. biological diversity

Generalized pyramid energy flow has only a 10% efficiency because 90% of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. This phenomenon is explained by

• a. the second law of thermodynamics

• b. the law of limiting factors

• c. the law of conservation of matter

• d. the greenhouse effect

What is the percent change in striped bass catch at Lake Sagamore from 1994 to 1999?

• 500%

• 50%

• 100%

• 200%