5 Science - 01 Skeletal System

Human Skeletal System consists of :

• Skeleton (passive locomotor)

• Joints

• Muscles (active locomotor)

• Flesh

• Internal & External Skeleton

The Functions of Skeletal System

• It protects the internal organs

• to support the body and to give shape to the body

• to attach the flesh and muscles

• it helps in movement of the body

• it produces red blood cells

Parts of Skeleton

• Axial Skeleton

• Appendicular Skeleton

• Internal Skeleton (Endoskeleton)

• External Skeleton (Exoskeleton)

Axial Skeleton contains of :

(Rangka Aksial)

• Cranium or Skull - Tengkorak

• Rib cage (12 pairs) - Tulang Rusuk

• Sternum - Tulang Dada

• Vertebral column (spine) - Tulang Belakang

• Pelvic Girdle - Tulang Gelang Panggul

Appendicular Skeleton consist of :

(Rangka Apendikular)

• shoulder girdle (pectoral) - Tulang Gelang Bahu

• upper limbs - Anggota Gerak Atas

• pelvic girdle - Tulang Gelang Panggung

• lower limbs - Anggota Gerak Bawah

• Skull - Tengkorak

The connections between bones

Depending on the degree of movement :

JOINTS - SENDI

• fixed joints (fibrous joints) - Sendi Mati

• slightly moveable joints (cartilaginous joints) - Sendi Kaku

• freely moveable joints (synovial joints) - Sendi Gerak

• hinge joint - sendi engsel

• pivot joint - sendi putar

Types of FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS (Synovial Joints) -

Macam-macam Sendi Gerak :

• Sendi peluru (ball and socket joint)

• Sendi engsel (hinge joint) dan Sendi pelana (saddle joint)

• Sendi gulung (condyloid joints)

• Sendi putar (pivot joint)

• Sendi geser (gliding or plane joint)

The correct FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS (Synovial Joints) -

Sendi Gerak yang TEPAT :

ANY DIRECTION . example : shoulder & hip

sendi yang memungkinkan gerakan ke segala arah. contoh : pada bahu dan pinggul

• Sendi peluru (ball and socket joint)

• Sendi engsel (hinge joint) dan Sendi pelana (saddle joint)

• Sendi gulung (condyloid joints)

• Sendi putar (pivot joint)

• Sendi geser (gliding or plane joint)

1 direction

ex : elbow and knee

sendi yang memungkinkan gerakan menekuk dan meluruskan pada satu bidang tertentu, karena sama seperti engsel pintu, sendi ini hanya bisa digerakkan pada satu arah saja

contoh : pada siku, lutut, pergelangan kaki, dan sendi yang menghubungkan ruas jari tangan dan jari kaki.

• Sendi pelana (saddle joint)

• Sendi engsel (hinge joint)

• Sendi gulung (condyloid joints)

• Sendi putar (pivot joint)

• Sendi geser (gliding or plane joint)