The Ideals of Democracy

What is the Enlightenment?

• 15th & 16th century movement characterized by the rediscovery of classical art and culture

• 17th & 18th century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason to advance the understanding of the universe

• 18th & 19th intellectual movement centuries marked by a focus on the individual, a respect for nature, & a celebration of the common man

• 19th century movement concerned with independence & self-reliance

A system of government where power of government is restricted by law or a written Constitution:

• republicanism

• social contract

• participatory government

• limited government

The principle that ultimate power resides in the consent of the governed (the people):

• social contract

• participatory government

• popular sovereignty

• republicanism

Which of the following most accurately describes the social contract theory?

• People give up their power to government, while government protects the people.

• God gave rulers the power to control government and the state.

• People owe allegiance to any government that promotes strong national defense.

• Governments should be under the authority of the strongest individuals.

A key enlightenment concept that the founding fathers wanted to included in the Declaration of Independence is the idea that the power to government must come from

• a central authority

• the consent of the governed

• and orderly succession of the elite

• all people directly

Which of the following statements is true about a State of Nature?

• There are no rules or laws

• The rules or laws do not apply to the leaders

• The rules or laws apply to everyone equally

• None of the following are true

The Enlightenment thinker who believed that turning over power to a strong central authority was the only way to avoid the evils of war was

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

Which of the following thinkers believed that Absolute Monarchy was the best form of government?

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Baron de Montesquieu

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

The Enlightenment thinker who believed people were born with the Natural Rights of life, liberty, & property was

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

The Enlightenment thinker who believed that if their Natural Rights were not protected, the citizens had a right to rebel was

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Jean Jacques Rousseau