Soc. Sci. Section I & II

Great Britain remained primarily agrarian

until the...

• early seventeenth century

• late eighteenth century

• early nineteenth century

• late sixteenth century

• late seventeenth century

Answer explanation

Great Britain was a primarily agrarian

nation before the eighteenth century when

the Industrial Revolution took hold and

spurred industrial growth. [6,1]

Who PRIMARILY used navigation tables?

• merchants

• sea captains

• everyday travelers

• army generals

• land surveyors

Answer explanation

In the nineteenth century, sea captains used

navigation tables calculated by

mathematicians to safely travel through

various waterways. [6,3]

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?

• Alfred Marshall

• Joseph Schumpeter

• Thomas Malthus

• Adam Smith

• David Ricardo

Answer explanation

Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations was

written in 1776 and became one of the most

influential texts on economics of all time. [6,1]

Charles Babbage received MOST of the funds

for his machine from

• friends

• a noble

• family members

• a company

• the government

Answer explanation

Charles Babbage marketed his difference

engine as a tool for creating precise

navigation tables for the British navy, a

cause the British government was willing to

give him funding for. [7,1]

How did Charles Babbage anticipate the

Analytical Engine being different from the

Difference Engine?

• The Analytical Engine would run solely

  on steam power.

• The Analytical Engine would perform

  more mathematical operations.

• The Analytical Engine would be

  constructed of more durable materials.

• The Analytical Engine would be more

  compact.

• The Analytical Engine would be used on

  land.

Answer explanation

Charles Babbage envisioned the Analytical

Engine as a more advanced version of the

Difference Engine. While the Difference

Engine subtracted, the Analytical Engine

would be able to perform other operations as

well. [7,2,1]

Charles Babbage designed the Difference

Engine to perform the operation of

• square root

• addition

• multiplication

• subtraction

• division

Answer explanation

Charles Babbage designed the Difference

Engine to perform the operation of

subtraction. He intended for the Analytical

Engine to perform other mathematical

operations. [7,2,1]

Early telegraphy machines were MOST often

located in

• schools

• churches

• police stations

• post offices

• banks

Answer explanation

Telegrams were often sent from post offices

in the early years of the technology’s

development. Telegrams could be sent across

long distances almost instantaneously. [8,2,3]

Ada Lovelace translated a report on the

Analytical Engine that was originally written in

• French

• Spanish

• German

• English

• Dutch

Answer explanation

Ada Lovelace contributed to the publicity of

the Analytical Engine by translating a reporton

the invention that was originally written

in France. Lovelace also made substantial

additions of her own to that report. [8,1,1]

Who wrote the First Draft of a Report on the

EDVAC?

• John von Neumann

• Maurice Wilkes

• J. Presper Eckertt

• John Mauchly

• Herman Goldstine

Answer explanation

After joining the ENIAC team, John von

Neumann exerted strong influence on the

EDVAC project. He compiled the team’s

ideas into the First Draft. [21,4]

Which of the following preventative measures

did the ENIAC’s designers take to improve its

reliability?

• placing multiple vacuum tubes in parallel

  so one failure would not cause the

  computer to malfunction

• periodically rotating vacuum tubes to

  prevent any single tube from exceeding

  its capacity

• reducing the number of vacuum tubes in

  the ENIAC to eliminate points of failure

• leaving vacuum tubes in the “off” state

  when not in use

• operating vacuum tubes at 10 percent of

  their rated voltage

Answer explanation

To reduce malfunctions in the ENIAC, J.

Presper Eckert ran the vacuum tubes at only

10% of their rated voltage. He also insisted

on the highest quality tubes possible. [20,3]