DPT 760 Midterm Review

If you were to place you stethoscope on the your patients back, just below the spine of the scapula but above the inferior angle on the left side, which lung segment are you listening to?

• Left superior basal segment of the lower lobe

• Left lateral basal segment of the lower lobe

• Left middle lobe

• Left Apical lobe

Answer explanation

If you struggled with this question, make sure you are familiar with where to expect each lung segment to be. This goes back to the drawing of the segments of the lung from the anatomy lab, day 1.

Which layer of the heart has similar tissue to the valves and can commonly become inflamed if a patient has bacteria enter the blood, as from gum disease?

• Pericardium

• Myocardium

• Endocardium

• Byocardium

Which heart valve failure could lead to issues with blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle?

• Tricuspid Valve

• Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

• Pulmonic Valve

• Aortic Valve

Answer explanation

The presence of which heart sound occurs with the closure of the atrioventricular valves?

• S1

• S2

• S3

• S4

Answer explanation

S1 occurs with the AV valves close, S2 occurs when the aortic/pulmonic valve close. Make sure you understand the cardiac cycle and each step.

S3 and S4 are abnormal sounds that occur in pathologies.

Your patient has difficulty taking a deep inhale after a normal tidal volume inhalation. Which specific lung volume would you expect to be decreased based on this finding?

• Inspiratory Capacity

• Inspiratory Reserve Volume

• Expiratory Reserve Volume

• Residual Volume

Answer explanation

IRV is the amount of inhalation AFTER a normal tidal volume inhalation.

Inspiratory capacity is the amount of inhalation after a normal tidal volume exhalation, therefor IC = TV + IRV

ERV is expiration after normal TV exhale.

RV is the amount of air that is always present in the lungs.

Which of the following lab values would indicate that a patient should not participate in exercise?

• Hemoglobin = 11 g/dL

• Hematocrit = 22%

• International Normalized Ratio (INR): 2.6

• White blood cells: 6000 mm3

Answer explanation

Hold exercise for following ranges:

Hgb < 8 gm/dL

Hct <25%

INR > 5.0

WBC <5000 mm3

A 70-year-old patient with stable angina has completed an exercise stress test that shows angina comes on at 130bpm. What is the max HR you should not go over with exercise?

• 130bpm

• 120bpm

• 160bpm

• 110bpm

Answer explanation

You should maintain a max HR of -10bpm from the onset of angina shown in stress test or a field test.

Which of the following medical tests would show occlusion to a coronary artery?

• Left Catheterization

• Right Catheterization

• Ventriculography

• Electrophysiologic Test

Answer explanation

Left cath is one of the primary methods for assessing occlusion of coronary arteries as it goes through the aorta.

When treating a patient with peripheral artery disease, what level on the claudication pain grading scale indicates that exercise needs to stop and the patient should rest until pain is relieved?

• Grade 1

• Grade 2

• Grade 3

• Grade 4

Answer explanation

Grade 1 is the initial claudication scale. Once a patient reaches grade 3, exercise should be stopped and the patient needs to rest until pain is relieved.

While evaluating a chart for a patient with peripheral artery disease, which of the following ABI values would indicate moderate arterial disease?

• 1.0

• 1.5

• 0.7

• 0.2

Answer explanation

ABI Results:

>1.4 = calcification/vessel hardening

0.9-1.4 = acceptable to normal range

0.8-0.9 = some arterial disease

0.5-0.8 = moderate arterial disease

<0.5 = severe arterial disease