Match the number on the map with the region it corresponds to:

• 16

• Latin America

• 4

• North Africa

• 2

• Middle East

• 19

• South Asia

• 5

• East Asia

Match each term to the appropriate description.

• Paleolithic

• A fusing of more than one religions or belief systems

• Syncretism

• A strict, hereditary social hierarchy found in India

• Jizya

• Farming lifestyle; agriculture and permanent settlements

• Neolithic

• Tax on non-muslims practicing their religion in Islamic-ruled areas

• Caste System

• Foraging lifestyle; tribes of nomadic hunter-gatherers

Which statement most accurately compares the longevity of ancient empires with that of major world religions?

• Ancient empires rose and fell, but major world religions lived on and often unified people after the empires fell.

• Major world religions rose and fell, but ancient empires lived on and continue on to the present day.

• Both ancient empires and major world religions live and continue into the present day.

• Both ancient empires and major world religions rose and fell and have been replaced in the present day.

Each of these can be considered a cause for the decline in classical civilizations except:

• Weaker central governments made it more difficult to respond to challenges

• Diseases reduced urban populations

• Greater internal divisions combined with attacks from outsiders weakened many civilizations

• Improvements in technology, like ironworking and the magnetic compass

Match each description with the ancient civilization it describes.

• Byzantine

• Also known as the eastern Roman Empire. Established the Justinian Code as law.

• Qin / Han

• Used a civil service exam based on Confucianism to fill government positions.

• Roman

• Decentralized city-states like Athens and Sparta. Some were democratic, others not.

• Greek

• Most influential ancient empire in the Americas. Highly developed math and astronomy.

• Mayan

• Started as a republic in which citizens could elect representatives. Then became an empire.

Which best describes what happened in regards to empires from 1200 to 1450 CE?

• After the fall of the ancient empires, no new empires emerged.

• After the fall of the ancient empires, several new empires emerged. The Song Dynasty was the largest land empire in human history.

• After the fall of the ancient empires, several new empires emerged. The Mongol Empire was the largest land empire in human history.

• After the fall of the ancient empires, several new empires emerged. The Aztec Empire was the largest land empire in human history.

Which two are true of the transition from paleolithic (hunter-gatherer) to neolithic (farming) lifestyles?

• Farmers were healthier than hunter-gatherers

• Farmers typically ate a greater variety of foods than hunter-gatherers

• Farmers could often produce more food and store the surplus food more easily than hunter-gatherers

• Farming supported the development of permanent settlements like villages, towns, and cities.

In what two ways are the religions of Christianity and Buddhism similar?

• They both developed from previous religions: Christianity from Judaism, and Buddhism from Hinduism.

• The founders of each religion taught their followers to treat fellow human beings with kindness and respect.

• They both predate animism.

• The founders of each religion were executed by the Roman Empire for their teachings.

• They are both monotheistic.

Match the following religious leaders with the religion they founded.

• Hinduism

• Abraham

• Islam

• Jesus

• Judaism

• Buddha

• Christianity

• Unknown

• Buddhism

• Muhammad

The period after the fall of the ancient empires, from about 500 to 1000 CE, is sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages. During this time period, trade, wealth, urban populations, and security all decreased, while minor wars and conflicts increased. What are three reasons the fall of empires might lead to such effects?

• The fall of empires meant less centralized authority to maintain safety on roads and trade routes.

• The fall of empires meant less cultural unity. People identified as citizens of a village rather than as citizens of a country or empire.

• The fall of empires meant less government power to maintain city infrastructure, like roads and aqueducts (water supply lines).

• The fall of empires meant peace and prosperity as people no longer had any reason fight each other.

• The fall of empires lead to scientific progress because isolated villages are better for scientific research than networks of cities.