Cognitive Biases

the tendency of less-informed people to rate their abilities as greater than they really are

• bizarreness effect

• Dunning-Kruger effect

• backfire effect

• confirmation bias

The more you know, the less confident you're likely to be.

• the dunning-kruger effect

• confirmation bias

• negativity bias

• pessimism bias

You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you're responsible for your successes.

• self-serving bias

• reactance

• the bystander effect

• the backfire effect

You unfairly favor those who belong to your group.

• in-group bias

• curse of knowledge

• pessimism bias

• spotlight effect

You presume someone else is going to do something in an emergency situation.

• the bystander effect

• optimism bias

• the backfire effect

• reactance

All of the following are types of confirmation bias EXCEPT...

• Interpreting information to support your existing belief

• Purposely ignoring information that challenges your belief

• Only remembering details that uphold your belief

• Seeking out objective facts that go against your belief

When you cling to previously learned information, despite new information or nuance, you are practicing...

• Anchoring Bias

• Negative Bias

• Focusing effect bias

• Confirmation Bias

What is a good way to combat confirmation bias?

• Not believing something just because it's popular

• being open to information that suggests you may have made the wrong choice

• Reading information that disproves what you believe.

• Digging into statistics about the frequency a topic or event happens

After seeing several news reports about car thefts, you might make a judgment that vehicle theft is much more common than it really is in your area. This type of bias is

• Availability heuristic

• Bias Belief

• Loss Aversion

• Negative Bias

When you make a judgment based on the information you have available in your mind, whether from memory or from personal experience

• Representativeness heuristic

• Availability heuristic

• Anchoring and adjustment heuristic

• Affect heuristic