Unit 2 Vocab (all)

Enlightenment

• English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property
• dividing government into three separate branches: legislature to make laws, executive to enforce them, and judicial courts to interpret them
• the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which protect citizens' basic rights and freedoms
• an 18th century movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society

social contract

• the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government
• dividing government into three separate branches: legislature to make laws, executive to enforce them, and judicial courts to interpret them
• the period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government
• French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance with satire

natural rights

• French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance with satire
• the rights to life, liberty, and property
• author of the Declaration of Independence, 3rd president; believed that all men are created equal and have unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
• a conflict, lasting from 1642 to 1649, in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy

separation of powers

• author of the Declaration of Independence, 3rd president; believed that all men are created equal and have unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
• a conflict, lasting from 1642 to 1649, in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy
• dividing government into three separate branches: legislature to make laws, executive to enforce them, and judicial courts to interpret them
• relating to a simple, elegant style (based on ideas and themes from ancient Greece and Rome) that characterized the arts in Europe during the late 1700s

Charles I

• King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, whose power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War, in which he was defeated, later tried, and beheaded
• a turning point in English constitutional history limiting the power of ruler
• relating to a grand, ornate style that characterized European painting, music, and architecture in the 1600s and early 1700s
• British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality and for equal education for women

English Civil War

• relating to a simple, elegant style (based on ideas and themes from ancient Greece and Rome) that characterized the arts in Europe during the late 1700s
• a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states
• dividing government into three separate branches: legislature to make laws, executive to enforce them, and judicial courts to interpret them
• a conflict, lasting from 1642 to 1649, in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy

Oliver Cromwell

• dividing government into three separate branches: legislature to make laws, executive to enforce them, and judicial courts to interpret them
• relating to a simple, elegant style (based on ideas and themes from ancient Greece and Rome) that characterized the arts in Europe during the late 1700s
• the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which protect citizens' basic rights and freedoms
• English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War, abolished the monarchy, and established military rule through a commonwealth and later a dictatorship

Restoration

• English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War, abolished the monarchy, and established military rule through a commonwealth and later a dictatorship
• the period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government
• English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property
• a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states

habeas corpus

• an 18th century movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society
• a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal
• Swiss philosopher who believed people were naturally good but corrupted by society; he also believed all people were equal and titles of nobility should be abolished
• English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property

Glorious Revolution

• a statement of the reasons for the American colonies' break with Britain, approved by the Second Continental Congress in 1776
• one of a group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment
• a turning point in English constitutional history limiting the power of ruler
• an 18th century movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society