A location in an OS that keeps code isolated from other resources and other code.

In a 3D printer, the platform onto which the heated filament forms the object.

An insecure remote access protocol that provides a command line on a remote computer.

A software program or operating system that acts like a separate computer and that is capable of performing tasks such as running applications and programs as if it were a separate computer. VMs share the resources of the host computer, and virtualization software separates the actual physical hardware.

Serial AT Attachment; a standard that defines the way data is transferred, the transfer rates, and physical characteristics of the cables and connectors.

A collection of workstations and servers on a LAN that are designed to communicate and exchange data with one another.

The places where the hard disk drive activity lights, case speaker, reset button, power on/off button, computer power on light, and key lock, are connected.

A backlight that shines through an LCD screen and illuminates the display.

A 7-pin data cable that connects a SATA device to a SATA interface. This cable does not supply any power to the SATA device; a separate power cable provides power to the drive.

A type of Bluetooth with maximum permitted power of 100 mW and a power range of 100 meters.

In a virtual computing environment, the type of virtual machine being used and how it needs to connect to the outside networks.

A tool used to help diagnose and solve disk-related problems that includes most modern operating systems.

A connection that uses a satellite dish for two-way communication. The dish transmits and receives signals to and from a satellite that relays these signals back to a service provider.

A process used on Android devices to gain privileged or root-level access for modifying code or installing software that is not intended for the device.

An interface technology designed to connect high-end graphics-capable PCs and displays, as well as home theater equipment and displays.

A setting that turns off all cellular, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth radios on a mobile device.

A process that involves adjusting the colors, brightness, and other settings for a screen.

Cyan, magenta, yellow, and black; the colors in the inkjet color printing process.

A form of memory that doubles the speed of the fastest DDR4 and consumes slightly less power, at 1.1V.

A password that, when configured, prevents access to a BIOS setup utility in order to prevent users from changing BIOS settings in the future.

The direction of a mobile device screen, which can be either portrait or landscape. A sensor inside the device, known as an accelerometer, detects how the device is being held and changes the screen orientation appropriately.

A tool that checks a computer for malicious software.

A backup done for disaster recovery purposes that records all the information stored on the computer at the time the image is created.

Typically static RAM (SRAM) that is used for storing the data and instructions most recently used by the CPU.

The number of pixels in a screen. A higher number of pixels provides better resolution.

A contract that outlines the legal use or redistribution of software.

The phase of a network attack in which the attacker attempts to learn as much about the target network as possible.

Microsoft's file sharing mechanism, introduced in Windows 10, which provides the ability to share content with a nearby device using both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

The diagonal measurement of a screen (such as from the top left to the bottom right), typically expressed in inches.

A network used to securely connect to another network over an insecure network, such as the Internet.

A feature that enables a user to encrypt all data on a disk drive or removable drive. Available on Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate, Windows 8 Pro and Enterprise, and Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education Editions.

A simple text file written in a scripting language to automate processes and tasks on an operating system.

A type of secure physical lock that is unlocked by entering a secret combination code or PIN into the keypad.

A single CPU with three cores inside it. This is a quad-core processor with one of the cores disabled.

An organization formed in 2005 by the five major credit card companies in an effort to protect account numbers, expiration dates, and magnetic strip and chip data for ransactions around the globe. The PCI Council partners with organizations, including NIST, to develop standards and security procedures around these transactions.

A virus that attacks the OS interpreter, which is used to execute scripts.

A file that contains simple text that instructs Windows Setup how to configure and install the OS.

A chip that performs the rapid mathematical calculations required to render graphics.

A hardware device that can be used to control more than one computer while using a single keyboard, monitor, and mouse.

A language that differs from a compiled language in that each line is interpreted and then executed when the script is run.

A technology that programs use to access a wide range of databases or data sources.

A device that electronically captures a person's signature.

A printer in which a pulse of electrical current is applied to heating chambers around the nozzles to create a bubble of steam in the chamber. The steam forces ink out through the nozzle and onto the paper.

A Windows administrative tool used to open Local Security Policy. It can be used to enforce security settings on the local computer.

A device that regenerates weak signals and extends the distance a signal can travel.

A tool used to help diagnose and solve disk-related problems that includes most modern operating systems.

A UEFI security standard that ensures that the system firmware stops any digitally unsigned drivers from loading and also helps stop malicious software.

The direction of a mobile device screen, which can be either portrait or landscape. A sensor inside the device, known as an accelerometer, detects how the device is being held and changes the screen orientation appropriately.

A standard type of interface used to connect some hard drives and optical drives to each other and to the motherboard.

A type of Bluetooth with maximum permitted power of 1 mW and a power range of 1 meter.

Secure Digital (SD) card

An ultra-small flash memory card designed for use in portable devices such as cameras, MP3 players, and laptops to provide high-capacity memory in a small form factor.

The material used in 3D printers to create objects.

Software that relies on code signatures, which are files containing a sample of the code used by viruses and malware. Based on these signature files, the software scans the contents of a computer disk, comparing the contents of the files stored on the disk with the samples stored in the signature file.

A Windows CLI shortcut that moves through the previously entered commands.

Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)

A popular hashing algorithm that uses a mathematical function to create a numeric value, called a message digest, that is unique to the data.

A statement that repeats a section of code a specified number of times.

A software license for a person who receives financial compensation of any sort, in any amount, for use of the software.

A tool that can take many types of measurements, including AC/DC voltage, electric current, and other electrical characteristics, to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components.

A TCP protocol that provides strong authentication and encrypted data transport between a client and a remote computer.

A CPU with four cores inside it.

A cable that is constructed of either copper or aluminum and that is used by both cable television companies and satellite communication systems.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A protocol developed to establish authenticated and encrypted links between networked computers, for sending information securely over the Internet.

A device that extends the reach of a network by regenerating the electrical signal. It also receives data on one port and then sends it out to all other active ports. Hubs are legacy devices that do not segment network traffic and should not be used in today's networks.

A closed source Unix-based operating system for Apple's iPhone smartphone and iPad tablet.

The process of adjusting settings to match the colors on a screen to the colors on a printed sheet.

security credentials manager

An entity that manages usernames, passwords, digital certificates, and encryption keys so that applications and other services can request and utilize those credentials.

The address people need to send email to you.

A network profile in Windows that allows the user to customize the sharing options. This profile is for use on trusted networks, and the PC is discoverable by other devices.

A contract that outlines the legal use or redistribution of software.

A set of security objectives to ensure the security of a network, the data, and the computers in an organization.

An attack in which the attacker creates a targeted phishing attack tailored specifically for an individual or organization.

A tab in Windows System Configuration that is used to display a list of services that are started with the operating system. Allows services running on the computer to be enabled or disabled and can be used to prevent individual services from being loaded on boot for troubleshooting purposes.

A device that divides a LAN into segments. A bridge keeps a record of all the devices on each segment.

security software disabler

Trojan Malware that stops antivirus programs or firewalls from functioning.

A protocol that enables devices to dynamically add themselves to a network without the need for user intervention or configuration.

Both hardware and software that can be used to behave like or imitate a different system. Some uses are running an OS on a hardware platform for which it was not designed, running a Windows program on a Mac, and more.

A cell phone generation that supports faster data speeds as well as full-motion video, streaming music, 3D gaming, and faster web browsing.

self-monitoring analysis and reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

Technology that enables a PC to predict the future failure of hard disk drives.

A device that divides a LAN into segments. A bridge keeps a record of all the devices on each segment.

An audible reporting system for errors the BIOS finds during the POST.

A channel that sends a bit at a time at a much faster rate than would a parallel bus.

A card that adds additional internal and external SATA ports to a computer through a single PCI Express slot.

A hardware device that takes the data processed from input and passes on the information for use.

A process that involves checking the integrity of files and folders by scanning the hard disk surface for physical errors.

A port that has a 9-pin DB-9 port or a 25-pin port and that is used to connect various peripheral devices.

Another name for a hypervisor, software used on a host computer to create and manage VMs.

A connector that terminates the end of an optical fiber.

An IEEE standard that specifies connectivity for wireless networks.

A host that provides services. A server requires server software in order to provide specific application services to the network.

A 32-bit or 64-bit expansion slot; PCI is becoming obsolete.

A program that provides firewall services on a computer to allow or deny traffic to the computer. It applies a set of rules to data transmissions through inspection and filtering of data packets.

A Windows utility that is used to scan for new software and install service packs and patches.

server virtualization

A process that involves creating virtual instances of servers on a single physical server and taking advantage of idle resources to reduce the number of servers required to provide services to users.

A type of disk formatting that involves creating a boot sector and a file system. Standard formatting can only be performed after low-level formatting has been completed.

Shares that are hidden from users and accessible only by members of the local administrators' group and identified with a dollar sign ($) at the end of the share name.

A single CPU that contains one core that handles all the processing.

An update distributed by a manufacturer that combines patches and upgrades.

A Windows utility that can be used to automate the process of upgrading Windows 7 or Windows 8.1 to Windows 10. It updates the operating system and migrates apps and settings to the new OS.

When used to describe a computer monitor characteristic, VGA, DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, and so on.

A copy of a device's data that is stored in the cloud or network location.

service set identifier (SSID)

The name of a wireless network.

A command used to create a new directory.

A proprietary messaging architecture.

In Windows 7, small applications, such as games, sticky notes, a calendar, or a clock on the desktop, that put content, information, and functions in a convenient place.

service-level agreement (SLA)

A contract that defines expectations between an organization and a service vendor to provide an agreed-upon level of support.

A numeric identifier used to keep track of a specific conversation. Every message that a host sends contains both a source port and a destination port.

Ways to accomplish authentication, including using passwords, two-factor authentication, tokens, biometrics, and OTP.

A wide-area network that has the technology for the use of a cell phone or laptop for voice and data communications.

A tab in Windows System Configuration that is used to display a list of services that are started with the operating system. Allows services running on the computer to be enabled or disabled and can be used to prevent individual services from being loaded on boot for troubleshooting purposes.

A Windows utility that can be used to automate the process of upgrading Windows 7 or Windows 8.1 to Windows 10. It updates the operating system and migrates apps and settings to the new OS.

An address assigned to a device connected to a computer network that is 128 bits and is represented in hexadecimal format.

A command used to copy files or entire directory trees; Microsoft recommends using robocopy instead of xcopy.

Services console (SERVICES.MSC)

A Windows console that allows you to manage all the services on your computer and remote computers.

A technology that applies Internet addressing to voice data.

A layered approach to security that requires a combination of networking devices and services working together in tandem.

The delivery of computing services that are owned and hosted by service providers.

A single integrated circuit that contains more than one CPU core.

A device that controls who is permitted to access a network (authenticate) and what the user can do while there (authorize) and that tracks what actions the user can perform while accessing the network (accounting).

Acceptable use policies, security policies, regulatory compliance policies, and disaster recovery policies.

The Windows installation program, which can perform an in-place upgrade and automatically preserve all data, settings, applications, and drivers from the existing operating system version or a clean Windows OS installation.

A dedicated Cisco device that provides stateful firewall services. It ensures that internal traffic can go out and come back, but external traffic cannot initiate connections to inside hosts.

The highest quality of printing that is produced by a dot matrix printer.

An older type of flash memory that is still in wide use because of its high speed and high capacity.

A command used to verify and repair Windows system files.

A suite of tools used to write and test scripts.

A type of authentication that enables users to log in once to access all system resources rather than logging in each time they need to access an individual resource.

A newer Bluetooth technology geared toward devices that have limited power and that do not need high data transfer rates; has four different data rates to accommodate a variety of transmission ranges.

A feature in Windows 7, 8, 8.1, and 10 that enables a user to minimize all windows that are not being used by clicking and holding the title bar of one window and shaking it with the mouse. Repeat the action to maximize all of the windows.

A technology that applies Internet addressing to voice data.

A Windows utility that is used to perform backups.

Storing printer files in cache, which poses privacy and security risks because someone with access to the device could recover these files and have access to confidential or personal information.

shielded twisted-pair (STP)

A two-pair wiring medium used primarily with Token Ring networks. STP cabling has a layer of shielded insulation to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Also known as an RJ-45 or 8P8C, a port that has 8 pins and connects hardware devices to a network.

An in-person attack in which an attacker rummages through trash bins to discover confidential documents.

A Windows protocol that allows the OS to browse the update site and select updates for download and installation.

An in-person type of attack in which an attacker looks over someone's shoulder to steal passwords or other information.

A program that looks useful but that carries malicious code.

A device that reads information that is magnetically encoded on the back of plastic cards, such as identification badges or credit cards.

In a 3D printer, the platform onto which the heated filament forms the object.

A command used to power off a local or remote computer.

A key that can be pressed during the boot process to open the Windows Advanced Boot Options menu.

An updated version of PCI that operates up to four times faster than PCI but that has become mostly obsolete.

A wide-area network that has the technology for the use of a cell phone or laptop for voice and data communications.

A file that contains a sample of the code used by viruses and malware.

A communication protocol that enables two electronic devices to establish communication when they are close to each other.

A wand with very powerful magnets that is held over exposed hard drive platters to disrupt or eliminate the magnetic field on the hard drive.

A cell phone generation that supports IP-based voice, gaming services, high-quality streamed multimedia, and IPv6.

A device that electronically captures a person's signature.

Data that disappears as soon as the computer is turned off.

A virus that inserts itself in an executable program.

A parallel port that supports bidirectional communication but offers higher throughput than EPP.

A small card that contains information used to authenticate a device to mobile telephone and data providers. The card can also hold user data, such as personal contacts and text messages.

A statement such as an if-else or a case statement that is needed for scripts to make decisions.

A laser printer process in which toner, attached to the image, is transferred to paper.

A security auditing event enabled in Windows Group Policy (in an Active Directory environment) or Local Security Policy (for a single computer). It is triggered by failed attempts at computer login.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A protocol used to send email from clients to an email server. It may also be used to relay email messages from the source to destination email servers.

A transmission technique that uses different frequencies to send multiple signals over the same medium.

A device that electronically captures a person's signature.

A physical disk that provides features not supported by basic disks and that has the ability to create volumes that span multiple disks.

ITE8 Terms - S through Z Quiz

1.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

S0 state

A command used to copy files or entire directory trees.

A type of non-impact printer that creates output by spraying ink onto the material being printed on.

A state in which the computer is on and the CPU is running.

A satellite-based navigation system that transmits signals to Earth.

2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

S1 state

A state in which the CPU and RAM are still receiving power, but unused devices are powered down.

A command used to delete a file or folder.

A document containing user requests for changes, updates, or new services; software design and functional requirements; logical and physical network topology diagrams; or change management forms.

A power supply that has all the connectors connected to the same printed circuit board (PCB).

3.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

S2 state

On MBR disks, the partition used to store and boot an operating system.

A command used to rename a directory or file.

A state in which the CPU is off, but the RAM is refreshed. The system is in a lower mode than S1.

A number used to separate an IP address into network and host addresses. It masks the network part of the system's IP address and leaves the host portion to identify the device that is connected to the network.

4.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

S3 state

A Windows administrative tool that can be used to create customized performance graphs and reports from a wide range of hardware and software components.

A state in which the CPU is off, and the RAM is set to a slow refresh rate. This mode is often called "save to RAM," and this state is known as suspend mode.

A video adapter card fan that is used to cool the GPU.

A type of wearable that includes a microprocessor, a special operating system, and apps. Sensors in the smartwatch can gather data about various aspects of the body, such as heart rate, and use Bluetooth to report this information to another device, such as a smartphone.

5.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

S4 state

Software on a computer that has an interface similar to a print driver that is coded to send the output to other applications rather than to a physical device.

A state in which the CPU and RAM are off. The contents of RAM have been saved to a temporary file on the hard disk. It is also called "save to disk" or hibernate mode.

A Windows 10 app that can be used to configure the operating system. From it you can access many system settings.

A mode that Windows provides to enable older applications to run when they otherwise might not run properly on newer Windows operating systems.

6.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

S5 state

A rule-based method of directing traffic between devices on separate networks.

A Windows utility that monitors programs on the computer and warns users when actions might present threats to the computer.

A state in which the computer is off.

A Windows utility that allows files to be edited from multiple Windows devices.

7.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Safe mode

A diagnostic mode used to troubleshoot Windows and Windows startup issues. Functionality is limited as many device drivers are not loaded.

A step in the change management process that involves determining and monitoring change logs, implementation steps, and collected documents.

A system that controls the flow of electricity to the components of a computer.

A Windows utility that monitors programs on the computer and warns users when actions might present threats to the computer.

8.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Safe Mode with Command Prompt

An option that starts Windows and loads the command prompt instead of the GUI.

The Windows Control Panel item that contains tools a technician can use to add and remove printers and other types of hardware, configure AutoPlay, manage power, and update drivers.

One of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol; a protocol used to maintain user identity directory information that can be shared across networks and systems.

9.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Safe Mode with Networking

Domain Name System; a system that provides a way to map an IP address to a registered Internet domain for Web, email, and other Internet services.

Parts of a laptop that should not be replaced by the customer but by a certified service center or the manufacturer.

An option that starts Windows in Safe mode with networking support.

The luminance of a monitor, measured in candelas per square meter (cd/m2).

10.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

safety data sheet (SDS)

A fact sheet that summarizes information about material identification, including hazardous ingredients that can affect personal health, fire hazards, and first-aid requirements.

A tool that is used to remove an undesirable Windows setting and that can be used to install and configure the same OS on multiple computers and prepare the OS with different hardware configurations.

A hardware component that works as an interface between the motherboard and other computer components.

A wireless access point that is created by a mobile device that shares its data connection.

ITE8 Terms - S through Z

300 questions

S0 state

S1 state

S2 state

S3 state

S4 state

S5 state

Safe mode

Safe Mode with Command Prompt

Safe Mode with Networking

safety data sheet (SDS)

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