Biological Bases of Behavior Review

What is the basic building block of the nervous system?

•  Neuron

• Hormone

• Synapse

• Neurotransmitter

Describe the functions of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

• The CNS controls voluntary actions, while the PNS controls involuntary actions.

• The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord and processes sensory information, while the PNS includes sensory and motor neurons and transmits information to and from the CNS.

• The CNS is responsible for motor skills, while the PNS is responsible for cognitive functions.

• The CNS and PNS are terms for the same part of the nervous system.

What is the role of neurotransmitters in neural communication?

• They are electrical impulses that carry messages within neurons

• They are insulating layers that protect neurons.

• They are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons.

• They are the energy sources for neural firing.

Explain the fight-or-flight response and its biological basis.

• The fight-or-flight response is a relaxation technique to reduce stress.

• The fight-or-flight response is an automatic physiological reaction to a perceived threat, involving increased heart rate and the release of stress hormones like adrenaline.

• The fight-or-flight response is an impulse control mechanism.

• The fight-or-flight response is a type of anxiety disorder.

What are the major parts of the brain's limbic system, and what functions do they serve?

• The limbic system consists of the frontal and occipital lobes and controls motor skills.

• The limbic system includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus and is involved in emotions, memory, and motivation.

• The limbic system is responsible for vision and auditory processing.

• The limbic system is not involved in any psychological functions.

How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system in terms of communication?

• The endocrine system uses electrical signals to transmit information, while the nervous system uses chemical messengers.

• The endocrine system is slower but has longer-lasting effects, while the nervous system is faster but has shorter-lasting effects.

• The endocrine system controls voluntary actions, while the nervous system controls involuntary actions.

• The endocrine system and nervous system are identical in function.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating bodily functions?

• The hypothalamus is responsible for motor coordination.

• The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland and regulates essential functions such as body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

• The hypothalamus is involved in emotional processing.

• The hypothalamus has no role in regulating bodily functions

Define neuroplasticity and explain its significance in brain development.

• Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life; it allows for learning and recovery from injury.

• Neuroplasticity is a disorder that affects the brain's structure and function.

• Neuroplasticity is the process of neurotransmitter release.

• Neuroplasticity is the same as the limbic system.

Discuss the functions of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.

• The four lobes of the cerebral cortex are responsible for vision, hearing, taste, and smell.

• The four lobes of the cerebral cortex have no specific functions.

• The four lobes of the cerebral cortex are responsible for motor control, sensory processing, higher-level thinking, and processing language.

• The four lobes of the cerebral cortex are involved only in emotional processing.

What is the purpose of the corpus callosum, and what happens if it's severed?

• The corpus callosum is responsible for regulating body temperature; if severed, it leads to overheating.

• The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing for communication between them; if severed, it results in split-brain syndrome.

• The corpus callosum controls the release of stress hormones; if severed, it leads to anxiety disorders.

• The corpus callosum is involved in emotional processing; if severed, it leads to emotional instability.