Biological Influences on Behavior

How do genetics and heredity influence behavior and psychological traits?

• Genetics and heredity have no influence on behavior.

• Genetics and heredity play a significant role in determining behavior and psychological traits, as they pass down genetic information from one generation to the next.

• Genetics and heredity only influence physical characteristics, not behavior.

• Genetics and heredity have an influence on behavior, but it is negligible.

Explain the concept of natural selection and its application to psychology.

• Natural selection is a concept in physics, not psychology.

• Natural selection is the process by which individuals with traits that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations; it applies to psychology by considering how certain behaviors and traits may have evolved to enhance survival and reproduction.

• Natural selection is the process of selective breeding in psychology.

• Natural selection only applies to non-human animals.

Describe the role of hormones in human behavior and development.

• Hormones have no role in human behavior and development.

• Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands that can influence emotions, growth, and behavior.

• Hormones are only involved in physical growth, not behavior.

• Hormones are the same as neurotransmitters.

What is the relationship between brain structure and behavior?

• Brain structure has no relationship with behavior.

• Brain structure can significantly influence behavior, as different brain regions are responsible for various cognitive and emotional processes.

• Brain structure only influences physical health, not behavior.

• Brain structure has a minor influence on behavior.

How do environmental factors like nutrition and exposure to toxins impact brain development?

• Environmental factors have no impact on brain development.

• Environmental factors can have a profound impact on brain development, as they can affect the formation and function of neural connections.

• Environmental factors only impact physical health, not brain development.

• Environmental factors can only impact behavior during adulthood, not in childhood.

What is the role of the pineal gland in the endocrine system?

• It regulates body temperature

• It produces insulin.

• It secretes melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles.

• It controls the release of stress hormones.

How do identical twins (monozygotic) differ from fraternal twins (dizygotic) in terms of genetics?

• Identical twins have the same genetic makeup, while fraternal twins do not.

• Identical twins are always of the same gender, while fraternal twins can be of different genders.

• Identical twins are more likely to have different genetic traits.

• Fraternal twins are always more genetically similar than identical twins.

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating and controlling basic bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate?

• Hypothalamus

• Medulla

• Cerebellum

• Amygdala

How do nature and nurture interact in shaping an individual's behavior and personality?

• Nature refers to genetics, while nurture refers to environmental factors, and they have no interaction.

• Nature and nurture work independently and do not influence each other.

• Nature and nurture interact throughout a person's life to shape behavior and personality.

• Nature and nurture have the same impact on all individuals.

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the body?

• To prepare the body for "fight or flight" responses in stressful situations

• To conserve energy and promote relaxation and recovery after stress

• To enhance the body's physical performance during exercise

• To regulate sleep-wake cycles