Assets and Threats: Quiz 4

Hash values are primarily used as a way to determine the int___________ of files and applications. Hashes also keep information confi____________ because they can't be decrypted.

(a)  

Data integrity relates to the accuracy and consistency of information. This is known as non-repud_____________, the concept that authenticity of information can't be de___________.

(a)  

Hash values are primarily used as a way to determine the int___________ of files and applications. Hashes also keep information confi____________ because they can't be decrypted.

(a)  

To avoid the risk of hash collisions, functions that generated longer values were needed. MD5's shortcomings gave way to a new group of functions known as the sec________ has_________ algor_________, or SHAs.

(a)  

Five fun (a)   make up the SHA family of algorithms:

SHA-1

SHA-224

SHA-256

SHA-384

SHA-512

A rainbow table is a file of pre-generated hash values and their associated plaintext. They’re like dictio (a)   of weak passwords. Attackers capable of obtaining an organization’s password database can use a rainbow table to compare them against all possible values.

Salting is an additional safeguard that's used to strengthen hash functions. A salt is a random str (a)   of characters that's added to data before it's hashed. The additional characters produce a more unique hash value, making salted data resilient to rainbow table attacks.

For example, a database containing passwords might have several hashed entries for the password "password." If those passwords were all salted, each entry would be completely different. That means an attacker using a rainbow table would be unable to find matching values for "password" in the database.

Use the sha256sum command to generate the hash of the file1.txt file, and send the output to a new file called file1hash

(a)  

Use the cmp command to highlight the differences in the file1hash and file2hash files:

(a)  

Three factors of authentication

The first is kno (a)   . Authentication by knowledge refers to something the user knows, like a password or the answer to a security question they provided previously.