TOPIC 1: CURRICULUM STUDIES

In the context of curriculum studies, social forces primarily refer to:

• Teacher expertise and experience

• Cultural and societal values and expectations

• Government mandates

A curriculum that includes financial literacy and entrepreneurship education is often influenced by which type of force?

• Political force

• Social force

• Economic force

A curriculum designed to promote civic education and active citizenship aligns with which type of force?

• Political force

• Social force

• Economic force

Which of the following is an example of a political force that can influence curriculum construction?

• Teacher preferences

• Technological advancements

• Government policies and regulations

In the Malaysian context, which stakeholder is primarily responsible for shaping the national curriculum and educational policies?

• Teachers' associations

• Ministry of Education

• Parents' committees

Economic forces that influence curriculum construction often relate to:

• Student enrollment numbers

• Curriculum content and goals

• Availability of financial resources and funding

In Malaysia, the curriculum often addresses concerns related to multiculturalism and multilingualism due to the diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds of students. This reflects which stakeholder's influence?

• Parents

• Government agencies

• Local communities

Concerns related to the quality of education and teacher qualifications are often raised by:

• Teachers' associations

• Students' parents

• Local businesses

Which Malaysian stakeholder group is likely to emphasize the inclusion of Islamic education and values in the curriculum?

• Religious institutions

• Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

• Educational researchers

The consideration of inclusive education practices and support for students with disabilities in the curriculum aligns with the concerns of:

• Parents' committees

• Special education schools

• Government agencies