Heredity review

Structural changes to genes may affect proteins and therefore result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism. Which type of mutation below could affect protein creation?

• point mutation and substitution only
• Inversion and insertion only
• Inversion, insertion, and deletion
• All types of mutation could affect protein creation.

Genes found on chromosomes are responsible for directing the synthesis of certain proteins. These proteins are responsible for the ____________ seen in an organism.

• offspring

• traits

• cells

• chromosomes

Scarlett and Rohan are expecting a baby. Each human cell contains a total of 46 chromosomes, which are inherited from both parents during fertilization. How many chromosomes will their child receive from each parent?

• 46 from each parent

• 23 from each parent

• 12 from each parent

• 46 from one parent and none from the other

Grace is learning about how her body works. She discovers that __________ are responsible for carrying out most functions in cells and are composed of amino acids.

• chromosomes

• proteins

• genes

• lipids

Only one parent is involved in the process of asexual reproduction. Why is this an advantage?

• DNA passed from the parent will have a mutation and the mutation gets passed to the offspring
• It can be done at any time and is useful in the repair and/or replacement of body parts that have been damaged or lost.
• It can take awhile to find a mate
• Even if one of the sex cells has a negative mutation or a weak trait in its DNA, the other sex cell is likely to be “normal.”

Anika and Arjun are learning about how living things create offspring. They discover that a process requiring two parents whose genetic information is combined is called __________reproduction.

• punnett square

• proteins

• traits

• sexual

Elijah is studying genetics in his biology class. He learns that a gene mutation has just occurred in a population of fruit flies he is observing. Which of the following would be the most immediate result of this gene mutation in one of the fruit flies?

• A change in a protein produced by the organism

• Increased reproductive success of the organism

• Shortened life span of the organism

• Decreased need for resources by the organism

What is number 1?

• genes
• traits
• proteins
• chromosomes

What is number 2?

• genes
• traits
• proteins
• chromosomes

Michael and Anika are planning to have a child. In humans, curly hair is dominant (C) over straight hair (c). The Punnett square below shows a cross between Michael and Anika. What do the two letters on either side of the Punnett square represent?

• The outcome of hair texture for the offspring

• The allele combination that would be found on the mother’s gene

• The allele combination that would be found on the father’s gene

• The allele combination for each parent for the hair texture gene