Dement & Kleitman Quiz 1: Background/Psychology/Aim

What is the psychology being investigated in Dement & Kleitman (1957)?

• sleep and dreaming

• phobias

• operant conditioning

• ultradian rhythms

What does an EEG measure in the Dement & Kleitman (1957) study?

• An electro-encephalograph measures brain activity that indicates deep sleep.

• An electro-encephalograph measures brain activity that indicates dreaming.

• An electro-encephalograph measures vivid memories and records how they are processed in the hippocampus.

• An EEG was not used in this study; they used fMRIs to measure which areas of the brain are most active during sleep.

What is an EOG, and how was it used in the Dement & Kleitman (1957) study?

• An EOG is a variable that cannot be controlled for, even in a laboratory setting.

• An EOG is a term for a heavy sleeper. They used it to describe participants who did not leave the deep stage of sleep and remained in REM.

• An EOG is an electro-oculogram, which was used to measure eye movements to test for a relationship between eye movement patterns and dream content.

• An EOG is a specific subtype of EEG, measuring thinking about observations; in the study, they asked participants to journal about their daily observations and then read the brain scan to seek patterns that aligned with observational learning.

What are "sleep spindles"?

• Sleep spindles are short-lived high-voltage, high-frequency waves on an EEG. They occur during REM sleep

• Sleep spindles are short-lived high-voltage, high-frequency waves on an EEG. They occur during N-REM sleep.

• Sleep spindles are short-lived low-voltage, low-frequency waves on an EEG. They occur during REM sleep.

• Sleep spindles are short-lived low-voltage, high-frequency waves on an EEG. They occur during N-REM sleep.

TRUE OR FALSE? An EOG uses the same electrodes and machine as an EEG.

• True

• False

What can an EOG (electro-oculogram) measure?

• the presence or absence of eye movement

• the size of eye movement

• the direction (horizontal or vertical) of eye movement

• all of these

How many stages of nREM sleep are there?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

How does sleep resemble wakefulness?

• Our eyes move.

• We often experience vivid thoughts (in the form of dreams while asleep).

• Our brains are active.

• All of these.

Which of the following is true about REM sleep?

• We are fairly insensitive to external stimuli.

• We are mostly paralyzed.

• It is known as paradoxical sleep.

• All of these.

The sleep cycle, an ultradian rhythm (lasting less than 24 hours) repeats every 90 minutes if a person is left to sleep uninterrupted. What are these five stages that repeat within the sleep cycle?

• Awake
  Stage 1 NREM
  Stage 2 NREM

  Stage 3 and 4 NREM

  REM

• Awake
  Stage 1 REM
  Stage 2 NREM

  Stage 3 and 4 NREM

  REM

• Awake
  Stage 1 NREM
  Stage 2 REM

  Stage 3 and 4 NREM

  REM

• Awake
  Stage 1 NREM
  Stage 2 NREM

  Stage 3 and 4 REM

  REM