Thermal Energy, Heat, And Temperature

A student likes to attend football games, no matter how cold and snowy the weather becomes. She is going to a game on a very cold day and takes along a hand warmer. She activates it and tucks it into the glove she is wearing. She holds her hands together, and before long, her hands are warm. Which best describes how her hands are warm?

• Heat was transferred by conduction, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy.

• Heat was transformed by convection, resulting in the conservation of energy.

• Thermal energy was transferred by currents, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy.

• Heat was transformed by radiation, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which method of heat transfer is used in this cooler?

• absorption

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Quan and Carmen were collecting temperature and time data when they applied a constant amount of thermal energy to a block of ice in a beaker. They measured and recorded the temperature of the contents of the beaker every five minutes. They graphed the data as shown. What does point B to point C represent on the graph?

• a change in both the kinetic energy and temperature of the water particles

• a period where both the temperature and the thermal energy of the water remain the same

• a change of state, where the temperature of the water remains the same, but the thermal energy of the water changes

• a period where the water particles all have the same kinetic energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What is true about the motion of the water particles from point A to point B?

• They increase in speed.

• They decrease in speed.

• They move at the same speed.

• They remain vibrating in place.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Students in a classroom are studying particle movement in different states of matter. The image shows the gas particle arrangement inside of a balloon. What will happen to the kinetic energy of the gas particles if the balloon is cooled to a lower temperature?

• The kinetic energy of the particles will stay the same, because thermal energy and kinetic energy are unrelated.

• The kinetic energy of the particles will decrease, because a decrease in thermal energy decreases the movement of particles.

• The kinetic energy of the particles will increase, because a decrease in thermal energy increases the movement of the particles.

• The kinetic energy of the particles will decrease, because an increase in thermal energy decreases the movement of the particles.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

You are going on a summer field trip to a local beach with classmates and want to keep your sandwiches and drinks cool. Which container would be best for keeping your food and drinks cool?

• a foam cooler, because it maximizes thermal energy transfer, thus allowing heat in

• a metal box, because it maximizes thermal energy transfer, thus allowing heat in

• a foam cooler, because it minimizes thermal energy transfer, thus keeping heat out

• a metal box, because it minimizes thermal energy transfer, thus keeping heat out

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Water is unique in that it exists in all three states on Earth. Which statement best describes what happens to the energy of the particles when water vapor begins to cool?

• The average potential energy decreases.

• The average kinetic energy decreases.

• The average potential energy remains the same.

• The average kinetic energy remains the same.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

On a hot summer day, a piece of ice is removed from a cooler and placed in a cup that is sitting on a picnic table. Which of the following statements are true about what happens to the ice and the cup over time? Choose the two that apply.

• Heat moves from the ice to the cup.

• The particles in the ice start to move faster.

• Both the ice and the cup change state.

• The cup changes temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

 Maria touches a warm door with her cold hands. Which of the following statements identifies the type of energy transfer that occurs and the motion of the particles during the process?

•  radiation; slow-moving particles in Maria’s skin collide with fast-moving particles in the door

• conduction; fast-moving particles in Maria’s skin collide with slow-moving particles in the door

• conduction; slow-moving particles in Maria’s skin collide with fast-moving particles in the door

• radiation; fast-moving particles in Maria’s skin collide with slow-moving particles in the door

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The amusement park will be located in a hot climate. The engineers want to select a material for the giant slide that will prevent the surface from getting too hot. Based on the specific heat values, what material would be the best choice?

• plastic, because it takes more energy to raise its temperature

• iron, because it takes more energy to raise its temperature

• plastic, because it takes less energy to raise its temperature

• iron, because it less energy to raise its temperature

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3