What is the role of electrons in chemical bonding?

1. Involved in all chemical relationships 2. Determine if and type of bond that may occur 3. Can only occupy 7 electron shells (energy levels)

1. Not involved in any chemical relationships 2. Determine the probability of bond formation 3. Can only occupy less than 2 electron shells (energy levels)

1. Involved in half of the chemical relationships 2. Determine the rate of the reaction 3. Can only occupy 8 electron shells (energy levels)

1. Involved only with hydrogen chemical relationships 2. Determine if and type of bond that will form 3. Can only occupy 6 electron shells (energy levels)

What is the valance shell?

The outermost energy level/shell of an atom

The innermost energy level/shell of an atom

Energy does not come from valence electrons

What is the "rule of eight?"

Each electron holds a specific number of electrons; Shell one (closest to the nucleus) accommodates only 2 electrons, ends up having only 8 electrons in another valence energy level

Each electron holds a specific number of electrons; Shell one (closest to the nucleus) the molecule must go through chemical change 8 times before the valence energy level is filled

Each electron holds a specific number of electrons; Shell one (closest to the nucleus) accommodates only the number of neutrons, the number of neutrons = number of electrons in its valence energy levels

Each electron holds a specific number of electrons; Shell one (closest to the nucleus) accomodates only 3 electrons, end up having only 7 electrons in another valence energy level

What does chemically inert mean?

Molecules not chemically reactive

Molecules are resist bonding with oxygen

Molecules are resist bonding with hydrogen ions

Molecules permanently cannot chemically change anymore, reached their point

What makes an element reactive?

When an atom has less than 8 electrons

When an atom transfers or shares electrons to another atom

When an atom doesn't have less than 7 electrons

Describe an ionic bond.

Electrons are transferred to other atoms, atoms +/- charges, number of protons doesn't equal the number of electrons

Electrons cannot become a covalent bond or a ionic bond

Electrons are shared to other atoms, +/- charges, number of electrons = the number of protons

Electrons are shared to other atoms, both atoms become negatively charged, number of protons doesn't equal number of electrons

Electrons have freewill, they do what they'd like, they can both share and transfer electrons at the same time, +/- charges

In an ionic bond, what does it mean to be an electron acceptor? Donor?

A electron acceptor is when the atom gains one or more electron(s), negatively charged A electron donor is when the atom loses one or more electron(s), positively charged

A electron acceptor is when one atom gains one or more electron(s), positively charged A electron donor is when one atom loses one or more electron(s), negatively charged

A electron acceptor is when one atom loses one or more electron(s), negatively charged A electron donor is when one atom gains one or more electron(s), positively charged

What is a anion? A cation?

Anion is a negatively charged ion (atoms gain electrons) Cation is a positively charged ion (atoms lose electrons)

Anion is a positively charged ion (atoms gain electrons) Cation is a negatively charged ion (atoms lose electrons)

Anion is a negatively charged ion (atoms gain electrons) Cation is a negatively charged ion (atoms gain electrons)

Anion is a negatively charged ion (atoms lose electrons) Cation is a positively charged ion (atoms lose electrons)

Describe a covalent bond?

Electrons are shared between atoms

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Electrons are replaced by another atom's electrons

Electrons are only shared to carbon atoms

What is the difference between a single, a double, and a triple covalent bond?

A single covalent bond shares 2 electrons A double covalent bond shares 4 electrons A triple covalent bond shares 6 electrons

A single covalent bond is sharing more than 3 electrons A double covalent bond shares 6 electrons A triple covalent bond only shares less than 18 electrons

A single covalent bond shares at least 2 electrons A double covalent bond shares about 4 electrons A triple covalent bond only shares 12 electrons

A single covalent bond is sharing more than 6 electrons A double covalent bond shares 12 electrons A triple covalent bond only shares less than 36 electrons

Describe a polar and nonpolar covalent bond.

A polar covalent bond is not electrically balanced, interact to electrostatic charges A nonpolar covalent bond is electrically balanced, does not react to electrostatic charges

A polar covalent bond is electrically balanced, they don't interact to electrostatic charges A nonpolar covalent bond is not electrically balanced, does react to electrostatic charges

A polar covalent bond is electrically balanced, they interact to electrostatic charges A nonpolar covalent bond is not electrically balanced, does not react to electrostatic charges

A polar covalent bond is not electrically balanced, they don't interact to electrostatic charges A nonpolar covalent bond is electrically balanced, does react to electrostatic charges

What is the difference between an electropositive and electronegative atom?

Electropositive atoms have weaker electron attraction, larger, and atoms containing one or two valence electrons Electronegative atoms have stronger electron attraction, smaller, and atoms contain six or seven valence electrons

Electropositive atoms have a stronger electron attraction, larger, and atoms containing two or three valence electrons Electronegative atoms have weaker electron attraction, smaller, and atoms contain seven or eight valence electrons

Electropositive atoms have weaker electron attraction, smaller, and atoms containing two or three valence electrons Electronegative atoms have stronger electron attraction, larger, and atoms contain six or seven valence electrons

Electropositive atoms have stronger electron attraction, smaller, and atoms containing one or two valence electrons Electronegative atoms have weaker electron attraction, larger, and atoms contain six or seven valence electrons

Describe a Hydrogen bond.

Hydrogen bonds are more like attractions than true bonds; a previous hydrogen atom linked to electronegative atom (usually nitrogen or oxygen) is attracted to another atom, a bridge formed between them (weaker magnetic attraction)

Hydrogen bonds are more like true bonds than attractions; a previous hydrogen atom linked to electronegative atom (usually carbon or oxygen) is attracted to another atom, a bridge formed between them (stronger magnetic attraction)

Hydrogen bonds are more like attractions than true bonds; a previous hydrogen atom linked to electropostive atom (usually nitrogen or oxygen) is attracted to another atom, a bridge formed between them (stronger magnetic attraction)

Hydrogen bonds are more like true bonds than attractions; a previous hydrogen atom linked to electronpostive atom (usually carbon or oxygen) is attracted to another atom, a bridge formed between them (weaker magnetic attraction)

In a chemical reaction, what are reactants and what are products?

Reactants are the number of interacting substances Products is the chemical composition of the result of the chemical reaction

Reactants are the number of hydrogen atoms in a chemical formula Products are the second step of chemical composition

Reactants are the number of chemically bonding substances Products do not result in chemical composition of the chemical reaction

Reactants are the number of Oxygen atoms in any molecule substances Product is the chemical composition of the only result of chemical reaction for Oxygen atoms

What is a synthesis reaction?

A synthesis reaction is atoms/molecules combine to form a more complex molecule, involved in bond formation; anabolic activities

A synthesis reaction is atoms/molecules separate to form a simpler molecule, involved in bond formation; anabolic activities

A synthesis reaction is atoms/molecules combine to form a simpler molecule, involved in bond formation; catabolic activities

A synthesis reaction is atoms/molecules separate to form a more complex molecule, involved in bond formation; catabolic activities

What does it mean when there is a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Atoms or molecules use water to combine a complex molecule

Atoms or molecules use water to separate a simpler molecule

Atoms or molecules use water to combine a simpler molecule

Atoms or molecules use water to separate a complex molecule

What is a decomposition reaction?

Previously combined molecules or atoms are broken down into a simpler molecule; catabolic reaction

Previously broken down molecules or atoms are combined into a complex molecule; anabolic reaction

Previously combined molecules or atoms are broken down into a simpler molecule; anabolic reaction

Previously broken down molecules or atoms are combined into a complex molecule; catabolic reaction

What does it mean when a reaction is described as hydro lysis ?

A chemical reaction that uses water to breakdown into smaller units; water molecules are inserted where monomers join, breaking their bonds and water molecules cannot be reused

A chemical reaction that uses water to breakdown into larger units; water molecules are inserted where polymers join, breaking their bonds and water molecules can be reused

A chemical reaction that uses water to breakdown into smaller units; water molecules are inserted where monomers join, breaking their bonds and water molecules can be reused

A chemical reaction that uses water to breakdown into larger units; water molecules are inserted where polymers join, breaking their bonds and water molecules cannot be reused

What is an exchange reaction?

The displacement of molecules, involved in synthesis and decomposition; both bonds are made and broken, parts of the molecule switch "partners" that combine to make a different molecule

The replacement of molecules, involved in synthesis and combustion; both bonds are only broken down and parts of the molecule replace to make a different molecule

The displacement of molecules, involved only in synthesis; both bonds are made and parts of the molecule switch "partners" that combine to make a different molecule

The replacement of molecules, involved in exchanging of hydrogen atoms; only one of the bonds are made and broken down, and parts of the molecule switch "partners" to make a separate molecule

What chemical reaction is this?

Single displacement Reaction (Exchange)

What chemical reaction is this?

Single Displacement Reaction (Exchange)

Decomposition Transfer Reaction

What is an endergonic reaction?

Endergonic reaction means ab sorption of energy in molecules, products have more potential energy, and chemical energy is stored; anabolic

Endergonic reaction means ad sorption of energy in molecules, products have less potential energy, and chemical energy cannot be stored; catabolic

Endergonic reaction means ad sorption of energy in molecules, products have more potential energy, and chemical energy cannot be stored; catabolic

Endergonic reaction means ab sorption of energy in molecules, products have less potential energy, and chemical energy is stored; anabolic

What is an exergonic reaction?

Exergonic reaction means release of energy, products have less potential energy (more kinetic energy); chemical energy is broken down and released to parts of the body

Exergonic reaction means release of energy, products have more potential energy (more kinetic energy); chemical energy is combined and released to half of the body

Exergonic reaction means release of energy, products have more potential energy (less kinetic energy); chemical energy is broken down and released only the digestive system

Exergonic reaction means release of energy, products have less potential energy (equal amount of kinetic energy); chemical energy is combined and released to parts of the body

What are 4 factors influence the rate of chemical reactions. What effect does each factor have on the reaction? ( Hint: Any answer is correct )

Temperature: Higher temperature increase kinetic energy of particles and the force of their collisions, increases rate of chemical reactions (allows more chemical reactions to occur)

Concentration or Reactant: High concentrations of reacting particles increase the chanced of collisions, they become faster; lowering concentrations slow reactions (causes issues with molecule collisions) ex: more particles bump into each other, and speed up process increases concentrations, decrease surface volume and space, increased pressure

Particle Size: The smaller the particles, the faster the chemical reaction; smaller particles move faster than larger ones (at the same temperature) and collide more frequently and forcefully

Catalyst: At normal body temperature, most chemical reactions would be too slow to maintain life; catalysts are substances that increase rate of chemical reactions without changing itself or part of the product (an enzyme)

Chapter 2 Chemistry: Study Guide #2 A&P I

Authored by Jenna O’Shield

Biology

University

Used 2+ times

Chapter 2 Chemistry: Study Guide #2 A&P I

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

What are elements?

Made up of atoms and can be broken into a simpler substance by chemical change

Made up of atoms that can be broken into a complex substance by mechanical change

Made up of atoms that can be broken into a complex substance by chemical change

Made up of atoms that cannot be broken into a simpler substance by mechanical change

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What elements make up most of the human body?

Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium

Oxygen, Sulfur, Carbon, Hydrogen

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon

Nitrogen, Carbon, Sodium, Oxygen

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Magnesium

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 2 pts

What is an atom?

Smallest particles of an element with properties, nucleus contains protons (p-) & neutrons (neutral), and electrons (e-) orbit

Smallest particles of an element with properties, nucleus contains protons (p+) & neutrons (neutral), and electrons (e-) orbit

Smallest particles of an element with properties, nucleus contains protons (p+) & neutrons (n-), and electrons (e+)

Smallest particles of an element with properties, nucleus contains protons (p+) & neutrons (n-), and electrons (neutral) orbit

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

What are the characteristics of protons, neutrons, and electrons with regard to weight and charge?

Protons have a +1 charge, 1 amu, and located in the nucleus

Neutrons have a -1 charge, 1 amu, and located outside the nucleus

Electrons have a +1 charge, 0 amu, and located outside the nucleus

Protons have a +1 charge, 1 amu, and, located outside of the nucleus.

Neutrons have no charge, 0 amu, and located inside the nucleus

Electrons have a -1 charge, 1 amu, and located outside of the nucleus

Protons have a +1 charge, 1 amu, and located in the nucleus

Neutrons have no charge, 1 amu, and located in the nucleus

Electrons have a -1 charge, 0 amu, and located outside of the nucleus

Protons have a +1 charge, 1 amu, and located in the nucleus

Neutrons have -1 charge, 1 amu, and located outside the nucleus

Electrons have a -1 charge, 0 amu, and located in the nucleus

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 4 pts

Define atomic number, atomic mass, and atomic weight.

Atomic number: The number of electrons that determine the element

Atomic mass: Represents the mass of an isotonic or atom

Atomic weight: Protons + Neutrons (neutrons vary), weight of an element

Atomic number: The number of protons that determine the element

Atomic mass: Represents the mass of an isotope or atom

Atomic weight: Protons + Neutrons (neutrons vary), total mass of an element

Atomic number: The number of protons that determine the element

Atomic mass: Represents the mass of an isotope or atom

Atomic weight: Protons + Neutrons (neutrons vary), weight of an element

Atomic number: The number of neutrons that determine the element

Atomic mass: Represents the weight of an isotope or atom

Atomic weight: Protons + Neutrons (neutrons vary), mass of an element

Answer explanation

Mass is how much matter an object contains; Weight is the force exerted by gravity

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

What is the definition of a molecule?

Three or more chemically bonded atoms, smallest unit of a chemical compound

Four or more chemically bonded atoms, simplest unit of a chemical compound

Three or more chemically bonded atoms, simplest unit of a chemical compound

Six or more chemically bonded atoms, most complex unit of a chemical compound

Answer explanation

The best answer for: Three or more chemically bonded atoms, smallest unit of a chemical compound, either ways.. you got it correct :)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

20 sec • 1 pt

What is a chemical formula?

The amount of atoms in a particular that are in a certain chemical compound

Solve for it.

Answer explanation

Honestly, the answer choices are weird, but I hope you got it right :)

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Chapter 2 Chemistry: Study Guide #2 A&P I

What are elements?

What elements make up most of the human body?

What is an atom?

What are the characteristics of protons, neutrons, and electrons with regard to weight and charge?

Define atomic number, atomic mass, and atomic weight.

Mass is how much matter an object contains; Weight is the force exerted by gravity

What is the definition of a molecule?

The best answer for: Three or more chemically bonded atoms, smallest unit of a chemical compound, either ways.. you got it correct :)

What is a chemical formula?

Honestly, the answer choices are weird, but I hope you got it right :)

What chemical formula is C₆H₁₂O₆

What chemical formula is CH₄

Methane gas diagram

What chemical formula is NH₃

Ammonia molecule

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