AP Biology Unit 1 Review

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described in Figure 2.1?

• They are isotopes.

• They each contain 1 neutron.

• They are compounds.

• They are polymers.

• They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

The reactivity of an atom arises from

• the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells.

• the potential energy of the valence shell.

• the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus.

• the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

• The reaction is now irreversible.

• The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

• Both forward and reverse reactions have halted.

• The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-6

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

• water's change in density when it condenses

• the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

• the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds

• water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

• number of molecules.

• number of atoms.

• volume

• mass

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?

• 10^-10 M

• 4.0 M

• 10⁴ M

• 10^-4 M

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

• H₃S₂

• H₂S

• HS₂

• HS

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

• 1; 3

• 2; 2

• 1; 2

• 3; 1

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NGSS.HS-PS1-7

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)

• 1°C

• 5°C

• 10°C

• 50°C

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NGSS.HS-PS3-1

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

• cis-trans isomers

• enantiomers

• structural isomers

• isotopes