1B Biochemistry Practice Test Biology

The diagram below shows a piece of DNA and the proteins made from this DNA.Which characteristic of the DNA helps it function as a set of instructions for making these specific proteins?

• the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA
• the three-dimensional structure of the DNA
• the way in which the nucleotides are ordered on the DNA
• the hydrogen bonds that hold together the nucleotides on the DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Proteins are organic compounds that play vital roles in living organisms. A single cell can contain thousands of proteins, each with a unique function. Although protein structure and function vary greatly, all proteins have similar building blocks.Collagen, lipase, and hemoglobin have totally different functions but are classified as proteins.

Select TWO characteristics that these proteins have in common.

• they contain nitrogen
• they are made of disaccharides
• they are composed of amino acids
• they form by using fatty acids and glycerin
• they contain a base, sugar, and phosphate group

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?

• As a sequence of nucleotides
• In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
• In the ratio of adenines to thymines
• As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which statement correctly compares a function of fats to a function of proteins in the body?

• Fats cushion the organs, and proteins insulate the body.
• Fats insulate the body, and proteins the rate of chemical reactions.
• Fats store energy, and proteins provide the primary fuel for respiration.
• Fats coordinate body activities, and proteins provide monosaccharides.

Lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA all exist in human cells as long molecular chains.Which of the following describes how DNA differs from lipids and carbohydrates?

• Only DNA has carbon atoms.
• Only DNA is found in the cytoplasm.
• Only DNA is needed to create new cells.
• Only DNA contains genetic information.

Proteins and carbohydrates are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis.Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and carbohydrates?

• Only carbohydrates are composed of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine.
• Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
• Only carbohydrates can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.
• Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.

Carbohydrates are constantly required by organisms to carry out which main function?

• to control cell reproduction
• to provide a source of cellular energy
• to provide body structure
• to regulate the body’s water supply

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The enzyme lipase is produced in the pancreas to help digest fats in foods.  The lipase breaks down the fats into which of the following?

• polypeptides
• nucleic acids
• amino acids
• fatty acids

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

The enzyme lactase will break down milk sugar, called lactose, into glucose and galactose.  Glucose and galactose are examples of which of the following?

• monosaccharides
• phospholipids
• steroids
• amino acids

Similar to starch, cellulose is a complex carbohydrate.  Which of the following compounds make up cellulose?

• amino acids
• enzymes
• sugars
• lipids