1.3 European Exploration

The views expressed in the excerpt are best seen as evidence of which of the following in European society?

• eagerness to convert new groups to Christianity

• widespread discrimination against Muslims and Jews

• growing discontent with a hereditary monarchy

• early agitation against the practice of slavery

The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?

• how falling tax revenues led European nations to participate in destructive wars that delayed their technological advancement

• how vast empires in the Americas developed republican forms of government that led to independence movements

• how a series of two-front wars led to a gradual weakening of European colonial power in the Americas

• how military competition between European nations influenced their efforts to explore and conquer the New World

The conflict described in the excerpt is most similar to conflict in what other period?

• • the War of 1812, when Federalists’ opposition to the conflict led to the destruction of their political party

• • the Revolutionary War, when the colonists revolted against the British crown to establish their own government

• the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War), when the French and British battles in North America led to war in Europe

• the Civil War, when sectional tensions over slavery led southern states to secede from the Union

The conditions described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?

• slave traders’ efforts to find new markets for enslaved laborers

• Crusaders’ efforts to retake the Holy Land for Christians

• merchants’ efforts to raise taxes on luxury trade goods

• European nations’ efforts to explore and conquer the New World

According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that religious competition had on Europe?

• It ended the internal religious conflict brought on by the Protestant Reformation.

• It drained resources from European nations and enriched the Islamic world.

• It motivated Europeans to look for new methods to access luxury goods.

• It led to the creation of lucrative trade routes for European merchants.

A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

• the desire of European nations to find new sources of wealth in the Americas

• the competition between European powers for military dominance

• the lack of government support for voyages of exploration and discovery

• • the growth of Christianity among European peoples during the medieval period

In addition to the reason discussed in the passage above, which of the following was a reason for Spanish colonization in the Americas?

• providing medicine to Native Americans who were suffering from a smallpox epidemic

• finding new markets where they could sell European industrial products

• increasing the wealth of Spain by extracting natural resources from the Americas

• • establishing a trading agreement with Muslim middlemen to acquire Chinese spices