Basic Principles Exam 2 (Fall 23)

Which of the following is a good strategy for making sure you retain information you’re studying?

• Go to sleep

• Relate it to yourself

• Ask yourself questions about it

• Come back to it on multiple days

Scientists would tend towards a theory of development based on stages if they observe that children's performance on a task...

• showed a sudden qualitative shift

• was dependent primarily on nature

• was dependent primarily on nurture

• steadily improved over time

Dual process theory focuses on the difference between...

• conscious and automatic

• reward and punishment

• positive and negative reinforcement

• cognitive and behavioral

Jack is shocked to learn that there was a mountain lion that he walked by on his way to work because he felt like he had a clear mental image of the area and didn't notice anything strange. This is likely an example of limited...

• attention

• long term memory

• retrieval cues

• reinforcement

A child thinks of "uncle" as meaning a middle-aged male who is related to a child but not their father. Every new uncle they meet fits with this idea. Piaget would explain this as...

• assimilation

• accommodation

• observational learning

• positive reinforcement

Kim is teaching her students to write a persuasive essay. What could she do to apply Vygotsky's idea of scaffolding?

• create a worksheet walking them through the process

• give them a non-typical example to challenge their assumptions

• give them a typical example to expand their understanding

• provide rewards for successive approximations

Adolescents are likely to prioritize ______ over _____.

• social acceptance; safety

• parents; friend

• rules; ethics

• knowledge; identity

Here are different children's explanations for why you shouldn't speed when driving. Which is probably from the oldest child?

• because it puts other people in danger

• because you'll get pulled over

• because it's against the law

• because my dad said you shouldn't

How do brain games like Lumosity impact cognitive decline associated with aging?

• it's effective for improving on the specific task but not in general

• it's more effective than physical exercise

• it's more effective to focus on a single game than to dabble in many

• it's effective for improving cognitive but not social performance

Researchers recently discovered that children understand probability at a younger age than scientists previously thought. To make this discovery, what alterations did researchers likely make to the original experiments?

• found ways to simplify them

• shifted to focusing purely on observable behavior

• conducted them anonymously to ensure participants' privacy

• factored in Piaget's idea of schemas