Math

The art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the surface of the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques.  

2 CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEYING  

a type of surveying where the earth is considered as a flat surface, and where distances and areas involved are of limited extent  

surveys of wide extent which take into account the spheroidal shape of the earth  

closed surveys in urban and rural locations to determine and define property lines and boundaries, corners, and areas.

surveys in the city for planning expansions, locating property lines, fixing reference monuments, determining physical features of land, and preparing maps. 

surveys done at a construction site to provide data regarding grades, reference lines, dimensions, ground configuration, and location and elevation of structures. 

- survey in connection with forest management and mensuration, and the production and conservation of forest lands. 

surveys made to map shore lines, chart the shape of areas underlying water surfaces, and measure the flow of streams. 

known as optical tooling - surveys for ship building, construction and assembly of aircraft, layout and installation of heavy and complex machinery, and for industries requiring very accurate dimensional layouts.