Unit 1, Topics 1.3 and 1.4

"I am imperishable time;

The Creator whose face is everywhere;

Death that devours all things;

The source of all things to come"

-The god Krishna speaks, Bhagavad Gita, Vedic sacred text, circa fifth century to second century B.C.E.

The excerpt above best represents which aspect of Hinduism?

• The desire to escape worldly suffering

• The cyclical nature of death and rebirth

• The belief in karma

• The importance of caste

Why did Islam attract low-caste Hindus in India?

• Converting to Islam could allow them to join to government

• Converting to Islam could get them out of prison

• Converting to Islam could improve their social standing

• Converting to Islam could get them a spouse

““O King! The city of Madurai was famed for its sweet beauty, but has now become the city of wild animals since the Muslims conquered it [in 1335]. Its famed Hindu temple has been reduced to rubble. The mighty Kaveri River used to flow in its proper channels because our noble Hindu rulers of the past had curbed it with dams. But now, the river flows without discipline like her new Muslim lords because the dams have been damaged beyond repair.”

Excerpt from speech of a female petitioner from the South Indian city of Madurai made at the court of the king of Vijayanagara

Question- Which of the following best describes a claim made in the paragraph?

• Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River.

• Wild animals destroyed Madurai’s Hindu temple.

• The Kaveri River flooded and destroyed the city of Madurai.

• The city of Madurai’s Hindu temple was renowned for its beauty.

Who was subject to the jizya tax in in Northern India?

• Hindus

• Muslims

• Non-Muslims

• Every adult male in Northern India

Which of the following is NOT a Muslim belief?

•  Followers should fast during the holy month of Ramadan

• Mohammed was the greatest prophet

• Make a trip to Mecca at least once in your lifetime

• the Messiah will come to save their souls

“One of the things that struck me most in Peru was its great, splendid highways, and I wondered how many men it must have required to build them and what tools and instruments were used to level the mountains and cut through the rock to make them as broad and good as they are. It seems to me that if the king of Spain wanted to build a highway from Quito to Cuzco, I do not think that he could do it even with all of his power unless he followed the method that the Inca employed.

When an Inca king decided to build one of these highways, all he needed to do was give the command. Then, the inspectors would go through the provinces, laying out the highway’s route and assigning Indians to help build the road. In this way, the road was built in a short time from one boundary of the kingdom to the other. The Inca rulers built many of these roads and were so full of pride that when one ruler died, his heir would build his road larger and broader if he intended to set out on a conquest.”

Pedro Cieza de León, Spanish soldier and historian, Chronicles of Peru, 1553

Question - Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his argument about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction?

• The Inca rulers constructed roads to help complete conquests.

• The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly.

• The Inca rulers clearly marked their kingdom with boundaries.

• The Inca rulers could acquire specialized tools to cut through mountains.

What did NOT lead to the decline of the Aztec Empire?

• Lack of agricultural technology

• Over expansion

• Resentment among common people regarding tribute

• Citizens demanding changes to the Aztec religion

Spanish Conquistador, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in 1532, which of the following did not contribute to the fall of the Inca Empire?

• Sneak attacks by the Spanish

• European disease

• Civil Wars between Incan Tribes

• Voluntary Migration

Who was subject to the Mita System?

• Every adult in the Empire

• Peasants

• People who broke the law

• People who were conquered by the Inca

What is the Mita System in Incan Society?

• Mandatory public service

• Mandatory religious service

• Mandatory taxes

• Their caste system