S-V agreement

To reconstruct the piece of classical music, Giazotto needed to work as both composer and historian. He wrote new material where the fragment broke off while remaining faithful to the Baroque styles of Albinoni’s time, which favored high contrasts, prominent string sections, and a unified mood throughout each piece. The mood Giazotto set for Alhinnni’s fragment is somber and pierced with yearning. The Adagio begins with double bass (the Lowest of the stringed instruments) marking a brooding, dirge-like rhythm, while the pipe organ __________a gentle introductory tune above it. When the rest of the ensemble – violins, violas, and cellos – joins in, the melody cascades in an emotionally evocative torrent of sound.

• A. play

• B. are playing

• C. plays

• D. have played

2. Despite the attractiveness of camera trapping for gathering information, the researchers cautioned that the benefits of using box traps, therefore, should not be disregarded. Among other advantages, box traps allow scientists to inspect animals more closely, perform health screenings, and collect genetic data. Depending on how often box traps are checked, camera trapping may also be more expensive because of the high initial start-up costs of camera traps, and this is especially true for short-term studies. However, the experiment with the two types of traps___________that camera trapping can be an efficient tool for researchers to learn about an area’s animal populations.

• A. show

• B. have shown

• C. shows

• D. were showing

3. According to a 2012 report by the US Forest Service, the number of trees in American cities __________in sharp decline, with an estimated loss of about 4 million trees each year. This loss is due to many urban development and lack of replanting when trees die of natural causes. While their value is often overlooked, trees are an environmental and economic asset: trees, like the buildings around them, form a vital part of a city’s infrastructure, making their preservation well worth the investment

• A. have been

• B. are

• C. is

• D. were

4. By the time Hawaiian king Kamehameha III ______ the throne, the number of longhorn cattle, first introduced to the islands in 1793, had drastically increased, and so too had the need for paniolo (Hawaiian cowboys) to manage the wild herds that then roamed throughout the volcanic terrain.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• A. will ascend

• B. ascended

• C. have ascended

• D. had ascended

5. While exploring Nevada’s Gypsum Cave in 1930, Seneca and Abenaki archaeologist Bertha Parker made her most famous discovery: the skull of a now-extinct ground sloth (Nothrotheriops shastensis) alongside human-made tools. Parker’s crucial finding was the first ______ humans in North America as far back as 10,000 years ago.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• A. place

• B. to place

• C. places

• D. placed

6. The curves of a river ______ its sinuosity index, a ratio that compares the winding length the river travels to the straight-line distance between the river’s beginning and end.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• A. determine

• B. determined

• C. has determined

• D. determines

7. Classical composer Florence Price’s 1927 move to Chicago marked a turning point in her career. It was there that Price premiered her First Symphony—a piece that was praised for blending traditional Romantic motifs with aspects of Black folk music—and ______ supportive relationships with other Black artists.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• A. developing

• B. Developed

• C. to develop

• D. have developing

8. The African Games Co-production Market, one of over 180 annual international conferences supporting video game development, ______ the growth of the African gaming industry by helping start-up studios in Africa find partners.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. promotes

B. promote

C. are promoting

• A. promotes

• B. promote

• C. are promoting

• D. have promoted

9. After winning the 1860 presidential election, Abraham Lincoln appointed Edward Bates, Salmon P. Chase, and William H. Seward to his cabinet. Lincoln’s decision was surprising, since each of these men had run against him, but historians have praised it, noting that Lincoln ______ his rivals’ diverse talents to strengthen his administration.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• A. will leverage

• B. is leveraging

• C. has leveraged

• D. leveraged

10. Nuhād al-Ḥaddād, known as Fairuz, was one of the most beloved Lebanese singers of the twentieth century. Her broad singing repertoire—which included traditional forms, such as the Arabic qasida and maqam, alongside modern pop and jazz styles—lent Fairuz a timeless, cross-generational appeal, ______ her the moniker “the soul of Lebanon.”

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. earn

B. earning

C. earned

D. has earned

• A. earn

• earning

• C. earned

• D. has earned