Experiments 1

Which of the following are not essential for the study to be a true experiment?

• Random allocation to conditions

• Measuring the effect of the IV on the DV.

• Confounding variables are controlled.

• All ethical issues must be upheld.

What do we mean by confounding variables?

• They are the variables that are measured in experiments.

• They are the variables that we manipulate.

• Carrying out a study in the natural environment.

• They are the variables that may affect the DV and distort the effect of the IV.

What differentiates a quasi experiment from a true experiment?

• Quasi experiments take part in the natural environment whereas true experiments are carried out in the laboratory.

• Quasi experiments are cross-sectional whereas true experiments are longitudinal.

• Quasi experiments use a pre-existing difference between the groups.

• Quasi experiments do not have controlled variables.

Which of the following are not differences between field and natural experiments?

• Field and natural experiments are carried out in real-life settings.

• Field experiments manipulate the IV. In natural experiments the IV occurs naturally.

• In both extraneous variables cannot be controlled.

• Both have high ecological validity.

Which of the following are characteristics of random sampling?

• All individuals that belong to the target population could equally take part in a study.

• The sample has specific pre-determined characteristics.

• You use individuals that you can easily locate.

• It takes into account all main characteristics of the target population.

Credibility ...

• refers to whether a study can apply its results to the general population.

• refers to whether the results may be biased.

• refers to whether the results are a reflection of reality.

• refers to the way that participants are recruited for a study.

Ecological validity refers to

• whether results can be applied to real life situations.

• whether the findings can be generalised from the sample to the target population.

• whether confounding variables have been controlled.