4.3 Quiz (Hon Bio)

The nitrogen cycle is an example of a(n) (a)   cycle. Its processes include the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is called ​ (b)   . Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere in the process of ​ (c)   .

• biogeochemical
• water

• energy

• decomposer

• nitrogen fixation
• photosynthesis
• nitrogen limitation
• denitrification
• nutrient return

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This graph shows the change in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in parts per million (ppm) from 1997 through 2003. Carbon dioxide levels fluctuate naturally from season to season as varying levels of photosynthesis activity capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and turn it into plant biomass.

Click the place on the graph that represents a sample taken during spring in the Northern Hemisphere, when levels of photosynthesis are about to increase during the summer months.

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The illustration represents the water cycle. Which arrow includes the process of transpiration?

• Arrow 1

• Arrow 2

• Arrow 3

• Arrow 4

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Photosynthesis is a biological process in which plants convert carbon dioxide gas to carbon compounds, such as glucose. The process of photosynthesis is represented in the diagram of the carbon cycle shown here. Which statements accurately relate photosynthesis to the other processes of the carbon cycle shown in the diagram? Select all of the correct statements.

• Photosynthesis is the only biological process that takes up carbon dioxide.

• Photosynthesis has the same effect on the carbon cycle as human activities.

• Photosynthesis has the same effect on the carbon cycle as geological activities.

• Photosynthesis is the only process that transfers carbon from the air to the biosphere.

• Photosynthesis is the only process of the carbon cycle that involves energy.

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Which is one way that the movement of matter through an ecosystem is different from the transfer of energy?

• Only the movement of matter involves living things.

• Only the movement of matter flows in one direction only.

• Only the movement of matter occurs in an unending cycle.

• Only the movement of matter involves feeding relationships.

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Gregory is studying Lake Mairead. The lake has clear water and supports a healthy community of algae, fishes, and other aquatic organisms. Gregory hypothesizes that phosphorus is a limiting nutrient in the lake. Which experimental result provides the strongest evidence in support of the hypothesis?

• Filtering and removing phosphorus from a sample of lake water causes an increase in the growth of algae in the sample.

• Adding phosphorus-rich fertilizer to a sample of lake water causes no observable effect.

• Adding phosphorus-rich fertilizer to a sample of lake water causes an increase in the growth of algae.

• Measurements show that phosphorus is more concentrated in bottom sediments than in the lake water.

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Consumers, or heterotrophs, take in food made by other organisms. Then they break apart the food to release its energy. How do these actions of consumers contribute to the carbon cycle?

• Eating and breaking apart food converts carbon to other elements.

• Eating and breaking apart food converts other elements into carbon.

• Eating food involves taking up carbon dioxide.

• Eating and breaking apart food releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

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The graph shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over time. Which two observations are most useful for explaining the trends in the data?

Select two answer choices.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have opposite effects on carbon dioxide levels.

• Carbon is stored in solid form in shells, rocks, and sediments.

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide may dissolve in ocean water.

• The burning of fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

• Activities that produce or take up carbon dioxide vary with the seasons.

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Joan uses a model to show how wood burns at the level of atoms and molecules. Her model tracks 840 carbon atoms that make up a small fraction of a wood sample. The table shows how the carbon atoms are converted into carbon dioxide as the wood burns over time.

Which of the claims about the burning of wood is supported by Joan's model? Select all the claims that are supported.

• Matter is conserved during the burning of wood.

• Chemical energy is conserved during the burning of wood.

• Burning wood involves a series of chemical reactions that occur in one direction only.

• Burning wood involves a series of chemical reactions that occur in both the forward and reverse directions.

• Burning wood involves oxygen as well as carbon.

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