Unit 1: How do living things heal?

Which answer choice best fits the area where the question mark is on the picture?

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Which of the following would be evidence from the pictures that would refute the claim that ALL things are made of cells?

• All things are made of cells.  There is no evidence to the contrary. 

• All of the pictoral data show repeating patterns such as size, shape, and contents of the smaller particles that make up the whole.  

• The denim and sand are made of smaller particles, but have no definite, repeating pattern of structure

• Nothing is made of cells. Everything is made of atoms.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

In order for the bones of the foot to heal after a break, ​existing cells must ​​ (a)     to allow new cells to close the gaps in the bones.  

• grow larger
• reproduce
• get smaller
• eat dead cells

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For injuries to heal, cells go through mitosis to make new cells.  These new cells fill in the gaps caused by the injuries.  In order for these new cells to be made, the existing cells must get nutrients from the ​ (a)     . The nutrients must go through the ​ (b)     of the cells that need them so they can be used.   

• blood
• cell membrane
• brain
• cell wall
• stomach

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This image of a cell is often found in textbooks.  It is one of the first images to appear when searching for cell models.  However, this model may be misleading and could lead to misconceptions about cell structure.  

Which of the following would be a reason that this cell model would lead to misconceptions? 

• Not all cells have cell membranes like this model does.

• All cells have a specific structure that carries out a specific function--so they aren't all shaped like this

• It will not mislead because all cells look exactly the same.

• all cells can change structure based on a function that is needed by the body

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The structure of striated, or skeletal, muscle. Striated muscle tissue, such as the tissue of the human biceps muscle, consists of long fine fibres, each of which is in effect a bundle of finer myofibrils. Within each myofibril are filaments of the proteins myosin and actin; these filaments slide past one another as the muscle contracts and expands.

How does the structure of this type of muscle cell help it perform the function of moving you? 

• skeletal muscle cells are short and striated for explosive movement

• skeletal muscle cells are long and thin to carry messages to bones to tell them to move

• skeletal muscle cells are long and flexible to make the heart contract

• skeletal muscle cells are long, flexible fibers that contract and expand to move bones

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Multiple tissues work together in organs such as the heart. Multiple organs work together in organ systems.

Select the statement that is true! 

• The smallest and simplest systems within organ systems are the organs

• organ systems work independently from the rest of the body

• cells, tissues, and organs all work together to make organ systems

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Match each evidence statement with the claim that it supports. 

Each organ system is made up of multiple specialized parts that work together to carry out a function. ​ ​ (a)   ​

An organ system works with other organ systems to carry out more complex functions.​ ​ (b)  

• The lungs help transfer oxygen to the blood
• The heart and blood vessels transport blood

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Jorge wants to move toward light. Once Jorge's eyes detect light, how do his eye cells communicate with his muscle cells so that he can walk toward the light?

• The eye cells transmit nerve impulses to the muscle cells in Jorge's legs.

• The eye cells release hormones that signal the muscle cells to contract and relax.

• The optic nerve cells transmit nerve impulses to the brain, which translates the signal and transmits nerve impulses to the muscles.

• The eye cells send a chemical signal to the brain, which interprets the signal and then transmits it to Jorge's legs.

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Living things have many layers of organization.  Place the terms in order from smallest (#1)to largest and most inclusive (#5).

• organs

• cells

• tissues

• organism

• organ systems