Psych vocab part 2

Unstructured Interview

• Interview with questions in a fixed order which may be scripted. Consistency might also be required for the interviewer’s posture, voice, etc. so they are standardized.

• Interview in which most questions (after the first one) depend on the respondent’s answers.  A list of topics may be given to the interviewer.

Questionnaires

• Extent to which two researchers interpreting qualitative responses in a questionnaire or interview, will produce the same records from the same raw data.

• RM that uses written questions.

• Confounding variable that may not have been identified and eliminated in an experiment, which can confuse the results. It may be a feature of the participants or situation

• RM using verbal questions asked directly (face to face, or on the phone).

Open questions

• Extent to which the findings of research in one situation would generalize to other situations.  Influenced by whether the situation, such as a lab, represents the real world effectively and whether the task is relevant to real life (has mundane realism).

• Questionnaire, interview or test item that produce qualitative data. Participants give full and detailed answers in their own words, i.e. no categories or choices are given.

• RM such as a questionnaire or interview, which obtains data by asking participants to provide information about themselves.

• Items put into a questionnaire, interview or test to disguise the aim of the study by hiding the important questions among irrelevant ones so that participants are less likely to alter their behavior by working out the aims.

Structured Interview

• Interview with questions in a fixed order which may be scripted. Consistency might also be required for the interviewer’s posture, voice, etc. so they are standardized.

• Interview in which most questions (after the first one) depend on the respondent’s answers.  A list of topics may be given to the interviewer.

Filler Questions

• Apply the findings of a study more widely, e.g., to other settings and populations.  They take the following forms: Population validity and ecological validity.

• Confounding variable that may not have been identified and eliminated in an experiment, which can confuse the results. It may be a feature of the participants or situation

• Items put into a questionnaire, interview or test to disguise the aim of the study by hiding the important questions among irrelevant ones so that participants are less likely to alter their behavior by working out the aims.

• Trying to present oneself in best light by determining what a test is asking.

Interview

• Apply the findings of a study more widely, e.g., to other settings and populations.  They take the following forms: Population validity and ecological validity.

• RM such as a questionnaire or interview, which obtains data by asking participants to provide information about themselves.

• RM using verbal questions asked directly (face to face, or on the phone).

• Questionnaire, interview or test item that produce qualitative data. Participants give full and detailed answers in their own words, i.e. no categories or choices are given.

Self-report

• RM such as a questionnaire or interview, which obtains data by asking participants to provide information about themselves.

• Extent to which two researchers interpreting qualitative responses in a questionnaire or interview, will produce the same records from the same raw data.

• Activities recorded in an observation. Should be operationalized (clearly defined) and should break a continuous stream of activity into discrete recordable events. They must be observable actions rather than inferred states.

• Study conducted by watching participants’ behavior in a situation in which the social or physical environment has been manipulated by the researchers.  Can be conducted in either the participants’ normal environment or in an artificial setting.

Natural Experiment

• Unbiased external viewpoint that is not affected by an individual’s feelings, beliefs or experiences, so should be consistent between different researchers.

• RM such as a questionnaire or interview, which obtains data by asking participants to provide information about themselves.

• Investigation looking for causal relationship (IV cannot be directly manipulated by experimenter). Instead, they study effect of an existing difference or change.  Since the researcher cannot manipulate the levels of the IV, it is not a true experiment.

• Study in which the observer records the whole range of possible behaviors, which is usually confined to a pilot stage at the beginning of a study to refine the behavioral categories to be observed.

Objectivity

• Trying to present oneself in best light by determining what a test is asking.

• Unbiased external viewpoint that is not affected by an individual’s feelings, beliefs or experiences, so should be consistent between different researchers.

• Investigation looking for causal relationship (IV cannot be directly manipulated by experimenter). Instead, they study effect of an existing difference or change.  Since the researcher cannot manipulate the levels of the IV, it is not a true experiment.

• Extent to which the findings of research in one situation would generalize to other situations.  Influenced by whether the situation, such as a lab, represents the real world effectively and whether the task is relevant to real life (has mundane realism).

Behavioral categories

• Personal viewpoint, which may be biased by one’s feelings, beliefs or experiences, so may differ between individual researchers.  It is not independent of the situation.

• Activities recorded in an observation. Should be operationalized (clearly defined) and should break a continuous stream of activity into discrete recordable events. They must be observable actions rather than inferred states.

• Trying to present oneself in best light by determining what a test is asking.

• Study conducted by watching participants’ behavior in a situation in which the social or physical environment has been manipulated by the researchers.  Can be conducted in either the participants’ normal environment or in an artificial setting.